NU 545 Unit 2 Study Guide Questions and Answers
Question 1.
Review the anatomy of the brain. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake,
controlling thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture?
Correct Answer: Awake: Reticular Formation (Brainstem) Thought: Prefrontal
Area Speech: Broca's Speech/Wernicke's Area Emotion/Behavior: Hypothalamus
Balance/Posture: Cerebellum
Question 2.
What part of the brain must be functioning for cognitive operations?
Correct Answer: Reticular activating system
Question 3.
Discuss the types of midbrain dysfunction and its physical symptoms.
Correct Answer: movement disorders difficulty w/vision and hearing memory
trouble --Parkinsonism & schizophrenia--
Question 4.
Know the function of the arachnoid villi.
Correct Answer: one-way valve directing CSF outflow into the blood, but
preventing blood into the subarachnoid space
Question 5.
What is the function of the CSF? Where is it produced? Where is it absorbed?
Correct Answer: protect intracranial and spinal cord structures from jolts
prevent brain from tugging on meninges, nerve roots, and blood vessels choroid
plexus produces CSF absorbed into circulation through arachnoid villi
Question 6.
Review blood flow to the brain.
Correct Answer: CO2>> primary regulator of blood flow internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries Circle of Willis
Question 7.
What is the gate control theory of pain?
Correct Answer: substantia gelatinosa>> regulates pain transmission from
nociceptors (pain) and non-nociceptors (touch)>>touch inhibits pain
Question 8.
, Know the type of nerve fibers that transmit pain impulses.
Correct Answer: nociceptors A-delta: sharp, localized, fast pain C-fibers: dull,
ache, burn, slow m A-beta: touch and vibration>>no pain, but modulate
Question 9.
What are the two types of fibers that transmit the nerve action potentials generated by
excitation of any of the nociceptors.
Correct Answer: A-delta: mechanonociceptors //mechanothermal nociceptors C
fibers: stimulated by nociceptors
Question 10.
Where in the CNS does pain perception occur?
Correct Answer: Reticular system Limbic system Cerebral cortex
Question 11.
Know different clinical descriptions of pain (acute, chronic, neuropathic); pain
threshold/tolerance
Correct Answer:
Question 12.
Acute pain
Correct Answer: normal nociceptive response prompting person to relieve
immediately lasts seconds>>days>>3 months somatic, visceral, referred
Question 13.
Chronic pain
Correct Answer: pain lasting longer than 3-6 months ongoing: low back pain
intermittent: migraines
Question 14.
Neuropathic pain
Correct Answer: chronic pain d/t lesion or dysfunction in nervous
system>>abnormal processing of sensory info
Question 15.
Pain threshold
Correct Answer: Point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain Decreased
w/repeated exposure
Question 16.
Pain tolerance
Question 1.
Review the anatomy of the brain. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake,
controlling thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture?
Correct Answer: Awake: Reticular Formation (Brainstem) Thought: Prefrontal
Area Speech: Broca's Speech/Wernicke's Area Emotion/Behavior: Hypothalamus
Balance/Posture: Cerebellum
Question 2.
What part of the brain must be functioning for cognitive operations?
Correct Answer: Reticular activating system
Question 3.
Discuss the types of midbrain dysfunction and its physical symptoms.
Correct Answer: movement disorders difficulty w/vision and hearing memory
trouble --Parkinsonism & schizophrenia--
Question 4.
Know the function of the arachnoid villi.
Correct Answer: one-way valve directing CSF outflow into the blood, but
preventing blood into the subarachnoid space
Question 5.
What is the function of the CSF? Where is it produced? Where is it absorbed?
Correct Answer: protect intracranial and spinal cord structures from jolts
prevent brain from tugging on meninges, nerve roots, and blood vessels choroid
plexus produces CSF absorbed into circulation through arachnoid villi
Question 6.
Review blood flow to the brain.
Correct Answer: CO2>> primary regulator of blood flow internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries Circle of Willis
Question 7.
What is the gate control theory of pain?
Correct Answer: substantia gelatinosa>> regulates pain transmission from
nociceptors (pain) and non-nociceptors (touch)>>touch inhibits pain
Question 8.
, Know the type of nerve fibers that transmit pain impulses.
Correct Answer: nociceptors A-delta: sharp, localized, fast pain C-fibers: dull,
ache, burn, slow m A-beta: touch and vibration>>no pain, but modulate
Question 9.
What are the two types of fibers that transmit the nerve action potentials generated by
excitation of any of the nociceptors.
Correct Answer: A-delta: mechanonociceptors //mechanothermal nociceptors C
fibers: stimulated by nociceptors
Question 10.
Where in the CNS does pain perception occur?
Correct Answer: Reticular system Limbic system Cerebral cortex
Question 11.
Know different clinical descriptions of pain (acute, chronic, neuropathic); pain
threshold/tolerance
Correct Answer:
Question 12.
Acute pain
Correct Answer: normal nociceptive response prompting person to relieve
immediately lasts seconds>>days>>3 months somatic, visceral, referred
Question 13.
Chronic pain
Correct Answer: pain lasting longer than 3-6 months ongoing: low back pain
intermittent: migraines
Question 14.
Neuropathic pain
Correct Answer: chronic pain d/t lesion or dysfunction in nervous
system>>abnormal processing of sensory info
Question 15.
Pain threshold
Correct Answer: Point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain Decreased
w/repeated exposure
Question 16.
Pain tolerance
