NR 605 EXAM 3: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which of the following describes the primary pathophysiology of Graves’ disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid follicles by T-cells
B. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) binding to TSH receptors
C. Excessive production of TSH by a pituitary adenoma
D. Iodine deficiency leading to compensatory hypertrophy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where
autoantibodies (TSI) mimic TSH, causing continuous stimulation of the thyroid gland.
2. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the destruction of pancreatic beta cells is primarily mediated
by:
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Cell-mediated autoimmune destruction
C. Chronic inflammatory damage from obesity
D. Islet amyloid polypeptide deposition
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 DM involves T-cell mediated autoimmune destruction of
the beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
3. A patient presents with central obesity, a ‘buffalo hump,’ and purple striae. Lab results
show elevated cortisol and low ACTH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Adrenal adenoma
B. Addison’s disease
C. Cushing disease
D. Secondary adrenal insufficiency
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: High cortisol with low ACTH suggests an ACTH-independent
source, such as a primary adrenal tumor (adenoma). Cushing ‘Disease’ implies a pituitary
ACTH-secreting tumor.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is classically associated with Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH causes excessive water reabsorption in the kidneys,
leading to dilutional hyponatremia and concentrated urine.
5. What is the hallmark of the ‘Dawn Phenomenon’ in diabetic patients?
A. Hypoglycemia at 3 AM followed by rebound hyperglycemia
B. Early morning hyperglycemia without preceding nocturnal hypoglycemia
C. Hyperglycemia caused by excessive insulin administration at bedtime
D. Insulin resistance caused by nighttime snacking
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Dawn Phenomenon is an early morning rise in blood
glucose levels caused by the nocturnal surge of growth hormone and cortisol, without a
preceding hypoglycemic event.
6. A patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is likely to exhibit which laboratory profile?
A. Low T4 and elevated TSH
B. Elevated T3, elevated T4, and low TSH
C. Low T4 and low TSH
D. Normal T4 and low TSH
Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (CHAMBERLAIN) 100%
GUARANTEE PASS
1. Which of the following describes the primary pathophysiology of Graves’ disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid follicles by T-cells
B. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) binding to TSH receptors
C. Excessive production of TSH by a pituitary adenoma
D. Iodine deficiency leading to compensatory hypertrophy
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Graves’ disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where
autoantibodies (TSI) mimic TSH, causing continuous stimulation of the thyroid gland.
2. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, the destruction of pancreatic beta cells is primarily mediated
by:
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Cell-mediated autoimmune destruction
C. Chronic inflammatory damage from obesity
D. Islet amyloid polypeptide deposition
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 DM involves T-cell mediated autoimmune destruction of
the beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
3. A patient presents with central obesity, a ‘buffalo hump,’ and purple striae. Lab results
show elevated cortisol and low ACTH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Adrenal adenoma
B. Addison’s disease
C. Cushing disease
D. Secondary adrenal insufficiency
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: High cortisol with low ACTH suggests an ACTH-independent
source, such as a primary adrenal tumor (adenoma). Cushing ‘Disease’ implies a pituitary
ACTH-secreting tumor.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is classically associated with Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH causes excessive water reabsorption in the kidneys,
leading to dilutional hyponatremia and concentrated urine.
5. What is the hallmark of the ‘Dawn Phenomenon’ in diabetic patients?
A. Hypoglycemia at 3 AM followed by rebound hyperglycemia
B. Early morning hyperglycemia without preceding nocturnal hypoglycemia
C. Hyperglycemia caused by excessive insulin administration at bedtime
D. Insulin resistance caused by nighttime snacking
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Dawn Phenomenon is an early morning rise in blood
glucose levels caused by the nocturnal surge of growth hormone and cortisol, without a
preceding hypoglycemic event.
6. A patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is likely to exhibit which laboratory profile?
A. Low T4 and elevated TSH
B. Elevated T3, elevated T4, and low TSH
C. Low T4 and low TSH
D. Normal T4 and low TSH
Answer: A
