BIOD 152 LAB 8: THE URINARY SYSTEM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine
formation?
A. Nephron
B. Renal pyramid
C. Major calyx
D. Renal pelvis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons which filter blood and produce
urine.
2. Where are the renal corpuscles exclusively located within the kidney?
A. Renal medulla
B. Renal columns
C. Renal papilla
D. Renal cortex
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Renal corpuscles, which consist of the glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule, are found only in the renal cortex, whereas the loops of Henle and
collecting ducts extend into the medulla.
3. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority (about 65%) of water and solute
reabsorption?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple
cuboidal epithelium featuring microvilli (brush border) that significantly increase surface
area for massive reabsorption.
4. What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch?
A. Simple columnar epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is unique to the urinary
system and can change shape from cuboidal to flattened as the bladder fills.
5. The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) consists of which two specialized cell types?
A. Podocytes and Mesangial cells
B. Principal cells and Intercalated cells
C. Macula densa and Juxtaglomerular cells
D. Endothelial cells and Pericytes
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The JGA is formed by the macula densa cells of the distal tubule
and the juxtaglomerular (granular) cells of the afferent arteriole, regulating blood pressure
and filtration rate.
6. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts by inserting aquaporins?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
D. Parathyroid Hormone
Answer: B
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine
formation?
A. Nephron
B. Renal pyramid
C. Major calyx
D. Renal pelvis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons which filter blood and produce
urine.
2. Where are the renal corpuscles exclusively located within the kidney?
A. Renal medulla
B. Renal columns
C. Renal papilla
D. Renal cortex
,Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Renal corpuscles, which consist of the glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule, are found only in the renal cortex, whereas the loops of Henle and
collecting ducts extend into the medulla.
3. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority (about 65%) of water and solute
reabsorption?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with simple
cuboidal epithelium featuring microvilli (brush border) that significantly increase surface
area for massive reabsorption.
4. What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder, allowing it to stretch?
A. Simple columnar epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is unique to the urinary
system and can change shape from cuboidal to flattened as the bladder fills.
5. The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) consists of which two specialized cell types?
A. Podocytes and Mesangial cells
B. Principal cells and Intercalated cells
C. Macula densa and Juxtaglomerular cells
D. Endothelial cells and Pericytes
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The JGA is formed by the macula densa cells of the distal tubule
and the juxtaglomerular (granular) cells of the afferent arteriole, regulating blood pressure
and filtration rate.
6. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts by inserting aquaporins?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
D. Parathyroid Hormone
Answer: B
