BIOD 152 LAB 7: THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. Which structure serves as the primary link between the nervous system and the endocrine
system?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pineal gland
D. Pons
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The hypothalamus integrates sensory information and regulates
the pituitary gland, bridging the nervous and endocrine systems.
2. The posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) is responsible for the release of which pair
of hormones?
A. Growth hormone and Prolactin
B. TSH and ACTH
C. ADH and Oxytocin
D. FSH and LH
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin, which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
3. Which cell type in the anterior pituitary is responsible for secreting Growth Hormone (GH)?
A. Lactotrophs
B. Somatotrophs
C. Thyrotrophs
D. Gonadotrophs
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Somatotrophs are the most abundant cells in the anterior
pituitary and secrete GH.
4. The hypophyseal portal system facilitates the transport of hormones between which two
structures?
A. Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary
B. Pituitary and Thyroid
C. Thalamus and Hypothalamus
D. Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: The hypophyseal portal system is a blood vessel network that
carries regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
5. Histologically, the thyroid gland is composed of spherical sacs called follicles. What is the
gel-like substance found inside these follicles?
A. Cytosol
B. Plasma
C. Interstitial fluid
D. Colloid
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Follicles are filled with colloid, which primarily consists of
thyroglobulin, a precursor to thyroid hormones.
6. Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland?
A. Thyroxine (T4)
B. Triiodothyronine (T3)
C. Calcitonin
D. Parathyroid hormone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, which helps lower blood
calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.
SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
1. Which structure serves as the primary link between the nervous system and the endocrine
system?
A. Thalamus
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pineal gland
D. Pons
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The hypothalamus integrates sensory information and regulates
the pituitary gland, bridging the nervous and endocrine systems.
2. The posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) is responsible for the release of which pair
of hormones?
A. Growth hormone and Prolactin
B. TSH and ACTH
C. ADH and Oxytocin
D. FSH and LH
,Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin, which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
3. Which cell type in the anterior pituitary is responsible for secreting Growth Hormone (GH)?
A. Lactotrophs
B. Somatotrophs
C. Thyrotrophs
D. Gonadotrophs
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Somatotrophs are the most abundant cells in the anterior
pituitary and secrete GH.
4. The hypophyseal portal system facilitates the transport of hormones between which two
structures?
A. Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary
B. Pituitary and Thyroid
C. Thalamus and Hypothalamus
D. Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: The hypophyseal portal system is a blood vessel network that
carries regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
5. Histologically, the thyroid gland is composed of spherical sacs called follicles. What is the
gel-like substance found inside these follicles?
A. Cytosol
B. Plasma
C. Interstitial fluid
D. Colloid
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Follicles are filled with colloid, which primarily consists of
thyroglobulin, a precursor to thyroid hormones.
6. Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland?
A. Thyroxine (T4)
B. Triiodothyronine (T3)
C. Calcitonin
D. Parathyroid hormone
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, which helps lower blood
calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.
