BIOD 152 LAB 6: THE URINARY SYSTEM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood directly into the glomerulus for
filtration?
A. Efferent arteriole
B. Afferent arteriole
C. Interlobular artery
D. Arcuate artery
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus, while
the efferent arteriole carries it away.
2. The process of ‘filtration’ primarily occurs in which part of the nephron?
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
B. Renal Corpuscle
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Filtration occurs across the glomerular membrane within the
renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
3. Which cell type forms the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule and creates filtration
slits?
A. Mesangial cells
B. Podocytes
C. Macula densa cells
D. Juxtaglomerular cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Podocytes have foot processes called pedicels that wrap around
capillaries, forming filtration slits.
4. Which structure is responsible for the ‘countercurrent multiplier’ effect in the kidney?
A. Nephron loop (Loop of Henle)
B. Vasa recta
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: The nephron loop establishes the osmotic gradient in the
medulla via the countercurrent multiplier mechanism.
5. Where are the macula densa cells located?
A. Afferent arteriole wall
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Glomerular endothelium
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Macula densa cells are specialized chemoreceptors located in
the wall of the distal convoluted tubule where it touches the afferent arteriole.
6. What type of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters, allowing for stretch?
A. Simple squamous
B. Stratified columnar
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transitional epithelium is unique to the urinary tract and can
change shape as the bladder fills and empties.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS)
1. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood directly into the glomerulus for
filtration?
A. Efferent arteriole
B. Afferent arteriole
C. Interlobular artery
D. Arcuate artery
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus, while
the efferent arteriole carries it away.
2. The process of ‘filtration’ primarily occurs in which part of the nephron?
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
B. Renal Corpuscle
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal Convoluted Tubule
,Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Filtration occurs across the glomerular membrane within the
renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
3. Which cell type forms the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule and creates filtration
slits?
A. Mesangial cells
B. Podocytes
C. Macula densa cells
D. Juxtaglomerular cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Podocytes have foot processes called pedicels that wrap around
capillaries, forming filtration slits.
4. Which structure is responsible for the ‘countercurrent multiplier’ effect in the kidney?
A. Nephron loop (Loop of Henle)
B. Vasa recta
C. Proximal tubule
D. Collecting duct
Answer: A
, Conceptual Explanation: The nephron loop establishes the osmotic gradient in the
medulla via the countercurrent multiplier mechanism.
5. Where are the macula densa cells located?
A. Afferent arteriole wall
B. Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Distal convoluted tubule
D. Glomerular endothelium
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Macula densa cells are specialized chemoreceptors located in
the wall of the distal convoluted tubule where it touches the afferent arteriole.
6. What type of epithelium lines the bladder and ureters, allowing for stretch?
A. Simple squamous
B. Stratified columnar
C. Transitional epithelium
D. Pseudostratified ciliated
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Transitional epithelium is unique to the urinary tract and can
change shape as the bladder fills and empties.
