ANSC 221 Final EXAM 2 Questions with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2026
Updated.
lips - Answer -most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting food,
swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth - Answer mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue - Answer swallowing
teeth carnivore - Answer tearing
teeth omnivore - Answer can chew food
teeth pig - Answer cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth - Answer only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva - Answer beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is
buffered in part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus - Answer -connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to stomach by
muscular contraction called peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach - Answer storage
chemical digestion
,pyloric sphincter - Answer controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and small
intestine
non-ruminant stomach-regions - Answer 4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous - Answer follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum - Answer closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum - Answer absorption
ileum - Answer absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine - Answer food that was not absorbed
colon - Answer storage
absorption of water
cecum - Answer bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver - Answer produces bile
bile - Answer emulsifies fat
gall bladder - Answer stores bile
, rumen - Answer big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum - Answer hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum - Answer many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum - Answer true stomach
HCL
enzymes
rectum - Answer final section of the large intestine, connects to sphincter
cloaca - Answer only opening for urinary, intestinal, and reproductive opening for birds and
reptiles
cecae - Answer cavity where large intestine begins and ileum opens, twin T junctions between
large and small intestine
amylase - Answer only nonruminants
digest CHO
mouth
HCO3 only in ruminant
bicarbonate - Answer mouth
buffer VFAs
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2026
Updated.
lips - Answer -most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting food,
swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth - Answer mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue - Answer swallowing
teeth carnivore - Answer tearing
teeth omnivore - Answer can chew food
teeth pig - Answer cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth - Answer only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva - Answer beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is
buffered in part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus - Answer -connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to stomach by
muscular contraction called peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach - Answer storage
chemical digestion
,pyloric sphincter - Answer controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and small
intestine
non-ruminant stomach-regions - Answer 4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous - Answer follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum - Answer closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum - Answer absorption
ileum - Answer absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine - Answer food that was not absorbed
colon - Answer storage
absorption of water
cecum - Answer bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver - Answer produces bile
bile - Answer emulsifies fat
gall bladder - Answer stores bile
, rumen - Answer big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum - Answer hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum - Answer many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum - Answer true stomach
HCL
enzymes
rectum - Answer final section of the large intestine, connects to sphincter
cloaca - Answer only opening for urinary, intestinal, and reproductive opening for birds and
reptiles
cecae - Answer cavity where large intestine begins and ileum opens, twin T junctions between
large and small intestine
amylase - Answer only nonruminants
digest CHO
mouth
HCO3 only in ruminant
bicarbonate - Answer mouth
buffer VFAs
