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Samenvatting Cel II: celfysiologie DEEL 3

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Samenvatting Cel II: celfysiologie DEEL 3 AJ

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Celfysiologie Prof. Leybaert




Algemene fysiologie en celfysiologie DEEL 1




Inhoudsopgave

1. Vochtcompartimenten .................................................................................................................... 2

2. Membraantransport ....................................................................................................................... 4

3. Diffusie ............................................................................................................................................ 5

4. Osmose en celvolume regulatie ...................................................................................................... 9

5. Elektrodiffusie ............................................................................................................................... 13

6. Kanaaleiwitten .............................................................................................................................. 16

7. Transporteiwitten ......................................................................................................................... 23

8. Primair actief transport: verschillende families van transporteiwitten ........................................ 26

9. Secundair actief transport: co-transport en of uitwisselingstransport ......................................... 30

10. Het elektrisch equivalentieschema van de plasmamembraan ................................................. 37

11. Actiepotentialen ....................................................................................................................... 40

12. De neuromusculaire junctie ...................................................................................................... 49

13. Voorbeelden van GPCRs in het hart .......................................................................................... 56




1

,Celfysiologie Prof. Leybaert


1. Vochtcompartimenten


• Ons lichaam is opgebouwd uit verschillende
compartimenten


• We bestaan voor 60% uit water (body water) verdeeld als
volgt:
o 40% intracellulair vocht
o 15% interstitieel vocht
Extracellulair vocht
o 5% bloedplasma




• Niet alle lichaamscompartimenten hebben dezelfde vocht
samenstelling à verschilt van orgaan tot orgaan


• Kinderen en pasgeborenen hebben een grotere waterinhoud, maar ze verliezen echter ook meer
water door een hogere oppervlakte/volume verhouding (ze drogen sneller uit door groter
oppervlak)
• Vrouwen hebben procentueel minder water à meer vet


• Hersenen: 80-85% water


• Beenderen: 20-25% water


• Tanden: 8-10% water


• Hart: 75-80% water


• Spieren: 70-75% water


• Bloed: 85% water (incl. intracellulair vocht)


• Huid: 70-75% water




2

,Celfysiologie Prof. Leybaert


• De samenstelling van vochten:


• Intracellulair


o K+: 140-150 mM
o Lage Na+
o Véél eiwitten (neg.)
o Tegenanionen


• Extracellulair interstitieel:
o Na+: 135-145 mM
o Lage K+
o GEEN EIWITTEN!!!


• Extracellulair bloedplasma:
o Na+: 135-145 mM
RMP: -70 mV
o Lage K+
o WEL EIWITTEN



Enigste verschil tussen bloedplasma en interstitieel vocht is de aanwezigheid van eiwitten!




3

, Celfysiologie Prof. Leybaert
CO2 is het meest
2. Membraantransport toegankelijk



• Niet alle substanties kunnen doorheen de
plasmamembraan



Opm.: Plasmamembraan = dierlijke cellen

Celmembraan = plantaardige cellen




• Sommige van de substanties die niet doorheen de plasmamembraan kunnen, worden erover
gebracht via gespecialiseerde eiwitten




NIET
SPONTAAN!!!

4

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