NSG 530 Exam 1 Questions
with well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Interphase - ANSWER -cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in
preparation for mitosis
Prophase - ANSWER -first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - ANSWER -Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - ANSWER -Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase - ANSWER -New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46
chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - ANSWER -Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate.
Polyploidy - ANSWER -condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Triploidy - ANSWER -when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead of
two
Tetrapoloidy - ANSWER -euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not
survive
, Huntington's disease - ANSWER -Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER -Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Dysplasia - ANSWER -Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true cellular
adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending on how
abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - ANSWER -Hypertrophy
(a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number of cells and making
each individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by increasing the number of
cells
What is suffocation? - ANSWER -Occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It can be
caused by lack of O2 in environment (such as with carbon monoxide poisoning) or a blockage
of the airway (choking).
CO Poisoning - ANSWER -CO has easier time binding to Hgb thus decreasing O2 binding
causing sleepiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness
Dehydration - ANSWER -Reduction in bodily fluids
Symptoms- headache, thirst, fatigue, dry mucous membranes, lightheadedness
Elderly and infants more susceptible to low total body water
with well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Interphase - ANSWER -cell feeds, metabolizes and grows while replicating DNA in
preparation for mitosis
Prophase - ANSWER -first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
Metaphase - ANSWER -Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - ANSWER -Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase - ANSWER -New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46
chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - ANSWER -Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate.
Polyploidy - ANSWER -condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Triploidy - ANSWER -when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead of
two
Tetrapoloidy - ANSWER -euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not
survive
, Huntington's disease - ANSWER -Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - ANSWER -Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions, digestive
issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
Dysplasia - ANSWER -Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true cellular
adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending on how
abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - ANSWER -Hypertrophy
(a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number of cells and making
each individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by increasing the number of
cells
What is suffocation? - ANSWER -Occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It can be
caused by lack of O2 in environment (such as with carbon monoxide poisoning) or a blockage
of the airway (choking).
CO Poisoning - ANSWER -CO has easier time binding to Hgb thus decreasing O2 binding
causing sleepiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness
Dehydration - ANSWER -Reduction in bodily fluids
Symptoms- headache, thirst, fatigue, dry mucous membranes, lightheadedness
Elderly and infants more susceptible to low total body water
