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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
U! U! U! U! U!
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
U! U! U!
MULTIPLE CHOICE U !
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin ra
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
sh, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore thr
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
oat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotic
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
s have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. a sore throat. U! U!
b. streptococcal infection. U!
c. genetic susceptibility. U!
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B U !
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore thro
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
at is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tend
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a cli
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
nical manifestation of the disease process.
U! U! U! U! U!
2. A 17-year-old college-
U! U!
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is a
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
n example of
U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: A U !
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventi
U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U! U ! U ! U!
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention i
U ! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ncludes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore eff
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it ha
U! U! U! U ! U ! U ! U! U ! U! U! U !
s developed.
U!
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
U! U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: B U !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Pri
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
mary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure fo
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
r susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care an
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
d attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involv
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
es management of the disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
m intake. This is an example of
U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: B U !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pr
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
evention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individual
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
s. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate di
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
sability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of t
U! U ! U! U! U ! U! U ! U ! U ! U!
he disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U!
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
lowering medication. This is an example of
U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: C U !
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease b
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
y altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preven
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
tion is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment in
U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
volves management of the disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B U !
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called t
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
he incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sym
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, ma
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
laise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequ
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is t
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
he stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
7. A U! disease that is native to a particular region is called
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
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ANS: B U !
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease t
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
hat spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect larg
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
e geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disea
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
se distribution pattern.
U ! U!
8. In U! general, with aging, organ size and function
U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. U! U!
d. are unknown.U!
ANS: B U !
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l established, is referred to as
U ! U! U! U! U!
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B U !
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U
!injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
U!period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal peri
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
od, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onse
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
t of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgica
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l operation.
U!
MULTIPLE RESPONSE U !
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
(Select all that apply.) U! U! U!
a. gender difference. U!
b. situational factors. U!
c. normal variation. U!
d. cultural variation. U!
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E U ! U! U! U!
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red bloo
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
d cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnor
U! U ! U ! U! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U !
mal).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. U!
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
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n
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U! TheU! MarketplaceU! toU! BuyU! andU! SellU! yourU! StudyU! Material
WantU! toU! ear
n
$103U! perU! month
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Ban
U! U! U! U! U!
asik: Pathophysiology, 8th Edition
U! U! U!
MULTIPLE CHOICE U !
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin ra
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
sh, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore thr
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
oat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotic
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
s have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. a sore throat. U! U!
b. streptococcal infection. U!
c. genetic susceptibility. U!
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B U !
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore thro
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
at is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tend
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a cli
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
nical manifestation of the disease process.
U! U! U! U! U!
2. A 17-year-old college-
U! U!
bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is a
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
n example of
U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: A U !
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
for susceptible individuals, in this case by providing vaccination. Secondary preventi
U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U! U ! U ! U!
on is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention i
U ! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ncludes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore eff
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it ha
U! U! U! U ! U ! U ! U! U ! U! U! U !
s developed.
U!
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
U! U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: B U !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity. Pri
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
mary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure fo
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
r susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care an
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
d attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involv
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
es management of the disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
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n
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, Stuvia.comU! -
U! TheU! MarketplaceU! toU! BuyU! andU! SellU! yourU! StudyU! Material
4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
m intake. This is an example of
U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: B U !
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is pr
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
evention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individual
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
s. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate di
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
sability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of t
U! U ! U! U! U ! U! U ! U ! U ! U!
he disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U!
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
lowering medication. This is an example of
U ! U! U! U! U! U!
a. primary prevention. U!
b. secondary prevention. U!
c. tertiary prevention. U!
d. disease treatment. U!
ANS: C U !
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease b
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
y altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary preven
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
tion is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment in
U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
volves management of the disease once it has developed.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B U !
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called t
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
he incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sym
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ptoms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, ma
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
laise, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases. Sequ
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
ela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is t
U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
he stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
U! U! U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
7. A U! disease that is native to a particular region is called
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
WantU! toU! ear
n
$103U! perU! month
, Stuvia.comU! -
U! TheU! MarketplaceU! toU! BuyU! andU! SellU! yourU! StudyU! Material
ANS: B U !
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease t
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
hat spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect larg
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
e geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. Ethnographic does not describe a disea
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
se distribution pattern.
U ! U!
8. In U! general, with aging, organ size and function
U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. U! U!
d. are unknown.U!
ANS: B U !
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l established, is referred to as
U ! U! U! U! U!
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B U !
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are wel
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an
U ! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U
!injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
U!period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal peri
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
od, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onse
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
t of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgica
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
l operation.
U!
MULTIPLE RESPONSE U !
1. Your patient’s red blood cell count is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
(Select all that apply.) U! U! U!
a. gender difference. U!
b. situational factors. U!
c. normal variation. U!
d. cultural variation. U!
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E U ! U! U! U!
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red bloo
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
d cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnor
U! U ! U ! U! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U ! U !
mal).
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U! U!
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. U!
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
WantU! toU! ear
n
$103U! perU! month
