CHEM 111 10.2 and 10.3 Exam #1 Question with
verified answers
What is an atom? - √√The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
What particles are found in the nucleus? - √√Protons and neutrons.
What charge does a proton have? - √√+1.
What charge does a neutron have? - √√0 (neutral).
What charge does an electron have? - √√−1.
What determines the identity of an element? - √√The number of protons in its nucleus (atomic number).
What determines an isotope? - √√The number of neutrons.
What happens to an electron's potential energy as it gets farther from the nucleus? - √√Its potential energy
increases.
What is a cation? - √√An atom that loses one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
What is an anion? - √√An atom that gains one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
What is an ionic bond? - √√An attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is a covalent bond? - √√A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.
What is a double bond? - √√Two pairs of shared electrons between atoms.
What is a triple bond? - √√Three pairs of shared electrons between atoms.
What is the octet rule? - √√Period 2 elements generally become more stable with 8 electrons in their outer
shell.
How many bonds does carbon typically form? - √√4 bonds.
How many bonds does nitrogen typically form? - √√3 bonds and 1 lone pair.
How many bonds does oxygen typically form? - √√2 bonds and 2 lone pairs.
How many bonds does fluorine typically form? - √√1 bond and 3 lone pairs.
, How many bonds does hydrogen typically form? - √√1 bond.
What is organic chemistry? - √√The study and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.
Why is carbon especially important in organic chemistry? - √√Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds and
can bond to other carbon atoms, allowing long chains, branched chains, and rings.
What is a hydrocarbon? - √√An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is a substituted hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing another element in its structure.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing at least one double or triple bond
between carbon atoms.
What is an alkane? - √√A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
What does it mean when an alkane is saturated? - √√It contains the maximum possible number of
hydrogen atoms and has only single C-C bonds.
What is the general formula for an acyclic alkane? - √√CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
What is the general formula for a cycloalkane with one ring? - √√CₙH₂ₙ.
What is the simplest alkane? - √√Methane, CH₄.
What is the molecular formula for ethane? - √√C₂H₆.
What is the molecular formula for propane? - √√C₃H₈.
What is the molecular formula for butane? - √√C₄H₁₀.
What is the molecular formula for pentane? - √√C₅H₁₂.
What is the molecular formula for hexane? - √√C₆H₁₄.
What is the molecular formula for heptane? - √√C₇H₁₆.
What is the molecular formula for octane? - √√C₈H₁₈.
What is an alkyl group? - √√A group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane.
What is the general formula for an alkyl group? - √√CₙH₂ₙ₊₁.
verified answers
What is an atom? - √√The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
What particles are found in the nucleus? - √√Protons and neutrons.
What charge does a proton have? - √√+1.
What charge does a neutron have? - √√0 (neutral).
What charge does an electron have? - √√−1.
What determines the identity of an element? - √√The number of protons in its nucleus (atomic number).
What determines an isotope? - √√The number of neutrons.
What happens to an electron's potential energy as it gets farther from the nucleus? - √√Its potential energy
increases.
What is a cation? - √√An atom that loses one or more electrons and becomes positively charged.
What is an anion? - √√An atom that gains one or more electrons and becomes negatively charged.
What is an ionic bond? - √√An attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is a covalent bond? - √√A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.
What is a double bond? - √√Two pairs of shared electrons between atoms.
What is a triple bond? - √√Three pairs of shared electrons between atoms.
What is the octet rule? - √√Period 2 elements generally become more stable with 8 electrons in their outer
shell.
How many bonds does carbon typically form? - √√4 bonds.
How many bonds does nitrogen typically form? - √√3 bonds and 1 lone pair.
How many bonds does oxygen typically form? - √√2 bonds and 2 lone pairs.
How many bonds does fluorine typically form? - √√1 bond and 3 lone pairs.
, How many bonds does hydrogen typically form? - √√1 bond.
What is organic chemistry? - √√The study and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.
Why is carbon especially important in organic chemistry? - √√Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds and
can bond to other carbon atoms, allowing long chains, branched chains, and rings.
What is a hydrocarbon? - √√An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is a substituted hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing another element in its structure.
What is a saturated hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? - √√A hydrocarbon containing at least one double or triple bond
between carbon atoms.
What is an alkane? - √√A hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
What does it mean when an alkane is saturated? - √√It contains the maximum possible number of
hydrogen atoms and has only single C-C bonds.
What is the general formula for an acyclic alkane? - √√CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
What is the general formula for a cycloalkane with one ring? - √√CₙH₂ₙ.
What is the simplest alkane? - √√Methane, CH₄.
What is the molecular formula for ethane? - √√C₂H₆.
What is the molecular formula for propane? - √√C₃H₈.
What is the molecular formula for butane? - √√C₄H₁₀.
What is the molecular formula for pentane? - √√C₅H₁₂.
What is the molecular formula for hexane? - √√C₆H₁₄.
What is the molecular formula for heptane? - √√C₇H₁₆.
What is the molecular formula for octane? - √√C₈H₁₈.
What is an alkyl group? - √√A group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane.
What is the general formula for an alkyl group? - √√CₙH₂ₙ₊₁.
