SCI 225 midterm | Nightingale College | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Question: 6. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
Choose matching definition dysplasia. pathologic dysplasia. hyperplasia. pathologic hyperplasia.
Answer:
pathologic hyperplasia.
Question: 13. A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia.
Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of: Choose matching
definition oxidation stress. vacuolation. decreased intracellular calcium. lipid acceptor proteins.
Answer:
oxidation stress.
Question: A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is
cardioprotective. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should respond that the heart is
protected by which of the following mechanisms? (select all that apply) Choose matching definition Increased
levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Prevention of clot formation Reduction in platelet aggregation
Decrease in blood pressure Increased collateral circulation Decreased folate absorption
Answer:
Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Prevention of clot formation Reduction in platelet
aggregation Decrease in blood pressure
Question: 15. A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: Choose matching
definition sodium. potassium. magnesium. calcium.
Answer:
calcium.
Question: 34. Confirmation of somatic death is based on: Choose matching definition presence of algor mortis.
presence of livor mortis. complete cessation of respiration and circulation. change in skin color to pale yellow.
Answer:
complete cessation of respiration and circulation.
Question: 12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: Choose matching
definition increased aerobic metabolism. failure of DNA. reduced protein synthesis. increased Na+-K+ pump
function.
Answer:
, reduced protein synthesis.
Question: 30. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Choose matching definition It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury. It is easy to tell normal processes from abnormal processes. Disease, unlike aging, has a
genetic component. Aging is defined as exceeding life expectancy, but not maximal life span.
Answer:
It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
Question: 27. A 50-year-old female became infected with Clostridium bacteria and died a week later.
Examination of her red blood cells revealed lysis of membranes. Which of the following was the most likely
cause of her death? Choose matching definition Fat necrosis Wet gangrene Gangrenous necrosis Gas gangrene
Answer:
Gas gangrene
Question: 25. A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and
the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause? Choose matching definition
Karyorrhexis Coagulative necrosis Ammonia accumulation Caseous necrosis
Answer:
Coagulative necrosis
Question: 7. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the
cancerous region of the liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo: Choose matching definition
pathologic hyperplasia. pathologic metaplasia. compensatory hyperplasia. compensatory aplasia.
Answer:
compensatory hyperplasia.
Question: 19. A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has internal damage to
the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which
of the following most likely caused her injuries? Choose matching definition Chemical asphyxiation Choking
asphyxiation Ligature strangulation Manual strangulation
Answer:
Manual strangulation
Question: 29. A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver
reveals cell death secondary to: Choose matching definition fat necrosis. physiologic apoptosis.
infection-induced apoptosis. pyknosis.
Answer:
100% Verified Answers
Question: 6. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified
endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
Choose matching definition dysplasia. pathologic dysplasia. hyperplasia. pathologic hyperplasia.
Answer:
pathologic hyperplasia.
Question: 13. A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia.
Once blood flow is returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurs as a result of: Choose matching
definition oxidation stress. vacuolation. decreased intracellular calcium. lipid acceptor proteins.
Answer:
oxidation stress.
Question: A patient has been reading on the Internet that light to moderate intake of alcohol is
cardioprotective. When the patient asks the nurse what this means, the nurse should respond that the heart is
protected by which of the following mechanisms? (select all that apply) Choose matching definition Increased
levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Prevention of clot formation Reduction in platelet aggregation
Decrease in blood pressure Increased collateral circulation Decreased folate absorption
Answer:
Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Prevention of clot formation Reduction in platelet
aggregation Decrease in blood pressure
Question: 15. A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: Choose matching
definition sodium. potassium. magnesium. calcium.
Answer:
calcium.
Question: 34. Confirmation of somatic death is based on: Choose matching definition presence of algor mortis.
presence of livor mortis. complete cessation of respiration and circulation. change in skin color to pale yellow.
Answer:
complete cessation of respiration and circulation.
Question: 12. The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: Choose matching
definition increased aerobic metabolism. failure of DNA. reduced protein synthesis. increased Na+-K+ pump
function.
Answer:
, reduced protein synthesis.
Question: 30. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Choose matching definition It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result
from cell injury. It is easy to tell normal processes from abnormal processes. Disease, unlike aging, has a
genetic component. Aging is defined as exceeding life expectancy, but not maximal life span.
Answer:
It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
Question: 27. A 50-year-old female became infected with Clostridium bacteria and died a week later.
Examination of her red blood cells revealed lysis of membranes. Which of the following was the most likely
cause of her death? Choose matching definition Fat necrosis Wet gangrene Gangrenous necrosis Gas gangrene
Answer:
Gas gangrene
Question: 25. A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and
the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause? Choose matching definition
Karyorrhexis Coagulative necrosis Ammonia accumulation Caseous necrosis
Answer:
Coagulative necrosis
Question: 7. A 55-year-old male is diagnosed with hepatocellular cancer secondary to hepatitis C. If the
cancerous region of the liver is removed, the remaining cells would undergo: Choose matching definition
pathologic hyperplasia. pathologic metaplasia. compensatory hyperplasia. compensatory aplasia.
Answer:
compensatory hyperplasia.
Question: 19. A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has internal damage to
the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which
of the following most likely caused her injuries? Choose matching definition Chemical asphyxiation Choking
asphyxiation Ligature strangulation Manual strangulation
Answer:
Manual strangulation
Question: 29. A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver
reveals cell death secondary to: Choose matching definition fat necrosis. physiologic apoptosis.
infection-induced apoptosis. pyknosis.
Answer:
