SCI 225 midterm | Nightingale College | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Question: The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example
of: A a polygenic trait. B a multifactorial trait. C crossing over. D recombination.
Answer:
B The gradual increase in height is an example of multifactorial traits influenced by genes and also by
environment.
Question: Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? A Cystic fibrosis B
Neurofibromatosis C Muscular dystrophy D Klinefelter syndrome
Answer:
C Muscular dystrophy is manifested primarily in males.
Question: What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration? A
Turner B Klinefelter C Down D Fragile X
Answer:
B Individuals with at least two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome in each cell (47 XXY karyotype) have
a disorder known as Klinefelter syndrome.
Question: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome? A Paternal nondisjunction B Maternal
translocations C Maternal nondisjunction D Paternal translocations
Answer:
C The most common cause of Down syndrome is maternal nondisjunction
Question: A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: A sodium. B
potassium. C magnesium. D calcium.
Answer:
D Increased intracellular calcium levels activate cell enzymes (caspases) that promote cell death by apoptosis.
Question: When a nurse is checking a urinalysis, the finding that would alert the nurse to cellular injury is the
presence of: A slight glucose. B excessive protein. C blood. D urea.
Answer:
B The presence of protein in the urine in significant amounts indicates cellular injury and altered cellular
function
, Question: A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver
reveals cell death secondary to: A fat necrosis. B physiologic apoptosis. C infection-induced apoptosis. D
pyknosis.
Answer:
C With hepatitis C, the liver will demonstrate apoptosis that is a result of the viral infection
Question: An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls,
functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing: A frailty. B sarcopenia. C
somatic death. D cellular aging.
Answer:
A Frailty leaves the individual vulnerable to falls, disease, and death.
Question: A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping,
and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
A Primary hyperaldosteronism B Acidosis C Insulin secretion D Diuretic use
Answer:
B During acute acidosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts out of the cell to the ECF,
causing hyperkalemia.
Question: A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan
reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: A localized edema. B
generalized edema. C pitting edema. D lymphedema.
Answer:
A Cerebral edema is a form of localized edema
Question: A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion.
These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: A respiratory alkalosis. B metabolic acidosis. C respiratory
acidosis. D metabolic alkalosis.
Answer:
C A decreased pH indicates acidosis. With increased CO2, it is respiratory acidosis.
Question: A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic
intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? A Symptoms subside quickly B Increased
ICF volume C Decreased ECF volume D Intracellular dehydration
Answer:
A With this solution, his symptoms will not subside quickly because his cells will lose fluid
100% Verified Answers
Question: The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example
of: A a polygenic trait. B a multifactorial trait. C crossing over. D recombination.
Answer:
B The gradual increase in height is an example of multifactorial traits influenced by genes and also by
environment.
Question: Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? A Cystic fibrosis B
Neurofibromatosis C Muscular dystrophy D Klinefelter syndrome
Answer:
C Muscular dystrophy is manifested primarily in males.
Question: What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration? A
Turner B Klinefelter C Down D Fragile X
Answer:
B Individuals with at least two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome in each cell (47 XXY karyotype) have
a disorder known as Klinefelter syndrome.
Question: What is the most common cause of Down syndrome? A Paternal nondisjunction B Maternal
translocations C Maternal nondisjunction D Paternal translocations
Answer:
C The most common cause of Down syndrome is maternal nondisjunction
Question: A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular: A sodium. B
potassium. C magnesium. D calcium.
Answer:
D Increased intracellular calcium levels activate cell enzymes (caspases) that promote cell death by apoptosis.
Question: When a nurse is checking a urinalysis, the finding that would alert the nurse to cellular injury is the
presence of: A slight glucose. B excessive protein. C blood. D urea.
Answer:
B The presence of protein in the urine in significant amounts indicates cellular injury and altered cellular
function
, Question: A 50-year-old male intravenous drug user is diagnosed with hepatitis C. Examination of the liver
reveals cell death secondary to: A fat necrosis. B physiologic apoptosis. C infection-induced apoptosis. D
pyknosis.
Answer:
C With hepatitis C, the liver will demonstrate apoptosis that is a result of the viral infection
Question: An 86-year-old female patient has the wasting syndrome of aging, making her vulnerable to falls,
functional decline, disease, and death. The nurse knows this patient is experiencing: A frailty. B sarcopenia. C
somatic death. D cellular aging.
Answer:
A Frailty leaves the individual vulnerable to falls, disease, and death.
Question: A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting restlessness, muscle cramping,
and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?
A Primary hyperaldosteronism B Acidosis C Insulin secretion D Diuretic use
Answer:
B During acute acidosis, hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts out of the cell to the ECF,
causing hyperkalemia.
Question: A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan
reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: A localized edema. B
generalized edema. C pitting edema. D lymphedema.
Answer:
A Cerebral edema is a form of localized edema
Question: A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of
breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion.
These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of: A respiratory alkalosis. B metabolic acidosis. C respiratory
acidosis. D metabolic alkalosis.
Answer:
C A decreased pH indicates acidosis. With increased CO2, it is respiratory acidosis.
Question: A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with
severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic
intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected? A Symptoms subside quickly B Increased
ICF volume C Decreased ECF volume D Intracellular dehydration
Answer:
A With this solution, his symptoms will not subside quickly because his cells will lose fluid
