PNH 401 test1 | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question: What is fluid and electrolyte imbalance commonly associated with?
Answer:
Major illnesses or injuries as homeostasis becomes disrupted.
Question: What are the key electrolytes monitored in fluid balance?
Answer:
Potassium (K■), Magnesium (Mg²■), Calcium (Ca²■), and Sodium (Na■).
Question: What does I&O stand for in monitoring fluid balance?
Answer:
Intake and Output.
Question: What vital signs are monitored for fluid and electrolyte balance?
Answer:
Blood pressure, pulse strength, and jugular venous pressure (JVP).
Question: What is the normal range for potassium (K■) levels?
Answer:
3.5-5.0 mmol/L.
Question: What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
Answer:
Irritability, anxiety, abdominal cramping, muscle weakness, paresthesia, irregular pulse, and cardiac
arrhythmias.
Question: What critical potassium level requires immediate intervention?
Answer:
>5.5 mmol/L.
, Question: What is the normal sodium (Na■) range?
Answer:
136-145 mmol/L.
Question: What are the symptoms of hypernatremia?
Answer:
Thirst, dry mucous membranes, confusion, restlessness, and seizures.
Question: What is the treatment for hyponatremia?
Answer:
Fluid restriction for dilutional cases and hypertonic saline for severe cases.
Question: What is the normal magnesium (Mg²■) range?
Answer:
1.5-2.5 mmol/L.
Question: What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
Answer:
Muscle cramps, tremors, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Question: What type of IV fluids are isotonic solutions used for?
Answer:
To expand extracellular fluid (ECF) volume without shifting water.
Question: What is the purpose of hypotonic solutions in IV therapy?
Answer:
To move water into cells for cellular dehydration.
Question: What are plasma expanders used for?
Answer:
To remain in the vascular space for extended periods and treat significant blood or plasma volume loss.
Question: What is a key principle of pain management?
Answer:
Everyone has the right to pain assessment and management.
Question: What is fluid and electrolyte imbalance commonly associated with?
Answer:
Major illnesses or injuries as homeostasis becomes disrupted.
Question: What are the key electrolytes monitored in fluid balance?
Answer:
Potassium (K■), Magnesium (Mg²■), Calcium (Ca²■), and Sodium (Na■).
Question: What does I&O stand for in monitoring fluid balance?
Answer:
Intake and Output.
Question: What vital signs are monitored for fluid and electrolyte balance?
Answer:
Blood pressure, pulse strength, and jugular venous pressure (JVP).
Question: What is the normal range for potassium (K■) levels?
Answer:
3.5-5.0 mmol/L.
Question: What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
Answer:
Irritability, anxiety, abdominal cramping, muscle weakness, paresthesia, irregular pulse, and cardiac
arrhythmias.
Question: What critical potassium level requires immediate intervention?
Answer:
>5.5 mmol/L.
, Question: What is the normal sodium (Na■) range?
Answer:
136-145 mmol/L.
Question: What are the symptoms of hypernatremia?
Answer:
Thirst, dry mucous membranes, confusion, restlessness, and seizures.
Question: What is the treatment for hyponatremia?
Answer:
Fluid restriction for dilutional cases and hypertonic saline for severe cases.
Question: What is the normal magnesium (Mg²■) range?
Answer:
1.5-2.5 mmol/L.
Question: What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
Answer:
Muscle cramps, tremors, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Question: What type of IV fluids are isotonic solutions used for?
Answer:
To expand extracellular fluid (ECF) volume without shifting water.
Question: What is the purpose of hypotonic solutions in IV therapy?
Answer:
To move water into cells for cellular dehydration.
Question: What are plasma expanders used for?
Answer:
To remain in the vascular space for extended periods and treat significant blood or plasma volume loss.
Question: What is a key principle of pain management?
Answer:
Everyone has the right to pain assessment and management.
