The most ideal PHYS 261 Midterm Exam Prep Test Bank 1 with 550 questions and correct answers/ PHYS 261 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Latest Midterm Exam Review – 550+ Questions and Answers Graded A West Coast University-LA **

The most ideal PHYS 261 Midterm Exam Prep Test
Bank 1 with 550 questions and correct answers/ PHYS
261 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Latest Midterm Exam
Review – 550+ Questions and Answers Graded A West
Coast University-LA *2026-2027*


Which of the following is the primary function of the kidneys?
A) Produce insulin
B) Filter blood and produce urine
C) Produce cortisol
D) Produce thyroxine
-ANSWER- B) Filter blood and produce urine
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A) Neuron
B) Nephron
C) Alveolus
D) Villus
-ANSWER- B) Nephron
What is the first step in urine formation?
A) Tubular secretion
B) Glomerular filtration
C) Tubular reabsorption
D) Concentration
-ANSWER- B) Glomerular filtration
Where does most tubular reabsorption occur?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
-ANSWER- A) Proximal convoluted tubule


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,What hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct?
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide
D) Insulin
-ANSWER- B) Antidiuretic hormone
What hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule?
A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide
D) Insulin
-ANSWER- B) Aldosterone
What is the normal pH range of blood?
A) 6.8-7.2
B) 7.35-7.45
C) 7.5-7.8
D) 6.0-6.5
-ANSWER- B) 7.35-7.45
What is the normal range for PaCO2?
A) 25-35 mmHg
B) 35-45 mmHg
C) 45-55 mmHg
D) 55-65 mmHg
-ANSWER- B) 35-45 mmHg
What is the normal range for HCO3-?
A) 15-20 mEq/L
B) 22-26 mEq/L
C) 28-32 mEq/L
D) 10-15 mEq/L
-ANSWER- B) 22-26 mEq/L
What is respiratory acidosis?
A) Low pH, high PaCO2
B) High pH, low PaCO2
C) Low pH, low HCO3-

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,D) High pH, high HCO3-
-ANSWER- A) Low pH, high PaCO2
What is respiratory alkalosis?
A) Low pH, high PaCO2
B) High pH, low PaCO2
C) Low pH, low HCO3-
D) High pH, high HCO3-
-ANSWER- B) High pH, low PaCO2
What is metabolic acidosis?
A) Low pH, high PaCO2
B) High pH, low PaCO2
C) Low pH, low HCO3-
D) High pH, high HCO3-
-ANSWER- C) Low pH, low HCO3-
What is metabolic alkalosis?
A) Low pH, high PaCO2
B) High pH, low PaCO2
C) Low pH, low HCO3-
D) High pH, high HCO3-
-ANSWER- D) High pH, high HCO3-
What is the primary buffer system in the blood?
A) Phosphate buffer system
B) Protein buffer system
C) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
D) Ammonia buffer system
-ANSWER- C) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
A) Break down food and absorb nutrients
B) Produce insulin
C) Produce cortisol
D) Produce thyroxine
-ANSWER- A) Break down food and absorb nutrients
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
A) Stomach

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, B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Esophagus
-ANSWER- B) Small intestine
What is the function of the stomach?
A) Absorb nutrients
B) Break down food and kill bacteria
C) Produce bile
D) Store waste
-ANSWER- B) Break down food and kill bacteria
What is the function of the liver?
A) Produce bile and detoxify blood
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Store waste
D) Produce insulin
-ANSWER- A) Produce bile and detoxify blood
What is the function of the gallbladder?
A) Produce bile
B) Store and concentrate bile
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Produce insulin
-ANSWER- B) Store and concentrate bile
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
A) Produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
B) Produce bile
C) Absorb nutrients
D) Store waste
-ANSWER- A) Produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
What is the function of the large intestine?
A) Absorb water and electrolytes
B) Absorb nutrients
C) Produce bile
D) Produce insulin
-ANSWER- A) Absorb water and electrolytes

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