AQA A LEVEL MATHEMATICS PAPER 1 MS
FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
⩥ Frontal Plane. Answer: divides body into front and back
⩥ Transverse plane. Answer: divides the body into upper and lower
⩥ motor neurons. Answer: A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse
to a group of muscle fibres
⩥ motor unit. Answer: A Motor Neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated
by its Axon
⩥ synaptic cleft. Answer: The small gap between the motor end plates
and the muscle fibre
⩥ Neurotransmitter. Answer: A chemical (acetylcholine) produced and
secreted by a neuron which transmits the nerve impulse across the
synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre
,⩥ action potential. Answer: Positive electron charge inside the nerve and
muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neuron and into
the muscle fibre
⩥ all or none law. Answer: Depending on whether the stimulus is above
a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction or no
contraction at all
⩥ concentric contraction. Answer: muscle shortens as it maintains
tension
⩥ eccentric contraction. Answer: muscle lengthens as it maintains
tension
⩥ isometric contraction. Answer: Muscle contracts but there is no
movement, muscle stays the same length
⩥ slow oxidative muscle fibers. Answer: Known as Slow Twitch. Dark
in color. Large amounts of Myoglobin and Mitochondria, Aerobic ATP
production. Fatigue resistant.
⩥ fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. Answer: Type IIa, high oxidative
capacity and intermediate glycolytic capacity
,⩥ fast glycolytic fibers. Answer: Important for short-term intense,
powerful movements. Prefer anaerobic glycolysis.
⩥ pulmonary circuit. Answer: circulation of blood through the
pulmonary arteries to the lungs and pulmonary veins back to the heart
⩥ systemic circuit. Answer: Circulation of blood through the aorta to the
body and vena cava back to the heart.
⩥ vena cava. Answer: What carries deoxygenated blood from the body
to the right atrium?
⩥ tricuspid valve. Answer: What stops back flow between the right
atrium and the right ventricle?
⩥ Semi-lunar valve (left). Answer: What controls exit of deoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle?
⩥ pulmonary artery. Answer: What carries deoxygenated blood from the
right ventricle to the lungs?
⩥ pulmonary veins. Answer: What carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the left atrium?
, ⩥ bicuspid valve. Answer: What stops back flow between the left atrium
and the left ventricle?
⩥ Semi-lunar valve (right). Answer: What controls exit of oxygenated
blood from the right ventricle?
⩥ Aorta. Answer: What carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
to the body?
⩥ Systems of the conduction system. Answer: SA node, AV node,
Bundle of his, Bundle branches and Purkinje fibre
⩥ SA node. Answer: generates electrical impulses, causing atria walls to
contract. Determines heart rate
⩥ AV node. Answer: Collects the impulse and delays it by 0.1 seconds to
allow atria to finish contracting
⩥ Bundle of His. Answer: in the septum and splits the impulse in two,
ready to be distributed to the ventricles
⩥ bundle branches. Answer: Carry the impulse to the base of each
ventricle
FINAL STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
⩥ Frontal Plane. Answer: divides body into front and back
⩥ Transverse plane. Answer: divides the body into upper and lower
⩥ motor neurons. Answer: A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse
to a group of muscle fibres
⩥ motor unit. Answer: A Motor Neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated
by its Axon
⩥ synaptic cleft. Answer: The small gap between the motor end plates
and the muscle fibre
⩥ Neurotransmitter. Answer: A chemical (acetylcholine) produced and
secreted by a neuron which transmits the nerve impulse across the
synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre
,⩥ action potential. Answer: Positive electron charge inside the nerve and
muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neuron and into
the muscle fibre
⩥ all or none law. Answer: Depending on whether the stimulus is above
a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction or no
contraction at all
⩥ concentric contraction. Answer: muscle shortens as it maintains
tension
⩥ eccentric contraction. Answer: muscle lengthens as it maintains
tension
⩥ isometric contraction. Answer: Muscle contracts but there is no
movement, muscle stays the same length
⩥ slow oxidative muscle fibers. Answer: Known as Slow Twitch. Dark
in color. Large amounts of Myoglobin and Mitochondria, Aerobic ATP
production. Fatigue resistant.
⩥ fast oxidative glycolytic fibers. Answer: Type IIa, high oxidative
capacity and intermediate glycolytic capacity
,⩥ fast glycolytic fibers. Answer: Important for short-term intense,
powerful movements. Prefer anaerobic glycolysis.
⩥ pulmonary circuit. Answer: circulation of blood through the
pulmonary arteries to the lungs and pulmonary veins back to the heart
⩥ systemic circuit. Answer: Circulation of blood through the aorta to the
body and vena cava back to the heart.
⩥ vena cava. Answer: What carries deoxygenated blood from the body
to the right atrium?
⩥ tricuspid valve. Answer: What stops back flow between the right
atrium and the right ventricle?
⩥ Semi-lunar valve (left). Answer: What controls exit of deoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle?
⩥ pulmonary artery. Answer: What carries deoxygenated blood from the
right ventricle to the lungs?
⩥ pulmonary veins. Answer: What carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the left atrium?
, ⩥ bicuspid valve. Answer: What stops back flow between the left atrium
and the left ventricle?
⩥ Semi-lunar valve (right). Answer: What controls exit of oxygenated
blood from the right ventricle?
⩥ Aorta. Answer: What carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
to the body?
⩥ Systems of the conduction system. Answer: SA node, AV node,
Bundle of his, Bundle branches and Purkinje fibre
⩥ SA node. Answer: generates electrical impulses, causing atria walls to
contract. Determines heart rate
⩥ AV node. Answer: Collects the impulse and delays it by 0.1 seconds to
allow atria to finish contracting
⩥ Bundle of His. Answer: in the septum and splits the impulse in two,
ready to be distributed to the ventricles
⩥ bundle branches. Answer: Carry the impulse to the base of each
ventricle
