NUR 2474 Pharmacology Exam 2 2026/2027 – 32 Questions & Answers | Anticoagulants, CNS Drugs, Parkinson’s, Anesthetics & Opioids

This NUR 2474 Pharmacology Exam 2 2026/2027 study resource contains 32 exam questions with answers across 15 pages, providing focused preparation for major pharmacology concepts involving anticoagulants and antiplatelets, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium, antiepileptic drugs, Parkinson’s disease medications, anesthetics, antispasmodics, and opioid analgesics. The questions emphasize mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, drug safety, receptor activity, and clinically important distinctions between medication classes. The anticoagulant and antiplatelet section reviews heparin, warfarin/Coumadin, and aspirin. Students are tested on the use of IV heparin for acute deep vein thrombosis, aspirin for inhibition of platelet aggregation and prevention of arterial occlusion, bleeding as an important adverse effect of warfarin, and the mechanism of aspirin described in the document. These questions provide targeted practice differentiating drugs that affect coagulation from those that primarily alter platelet activity. A substantial portion addresses psychopharmacology and central nervous system medications. Benzodiazepines are reviewed in relation to GABA activity and rebound anxiety, while SSRIs are examined through their effects on serotonin reuptake and receptor regulation. The guide also covers buspirone, MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin syndrome, lithium, and traditional versus newer antipsychotics. Important exam concepts include the tyramine-related “cheese effect” associated with MAO inhibitors, orthostatic hypotension with tricyclics, renal elimination of lithium, dopamine D2 receptor blockade by traditional antipsychotics, psychosis and dopamine activity, and extrapyramidal/motor adverse effects such as pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia. The neurological pharmacology questions extend into antiepileptic and Parkinson’s disease therapy. Students review the characteristics of secondary antiepileptic drugs and pharmacologic approaches to Parkinson’s disease, including COMT inhibitors and dopamine agonists. The document tests how COMT inhibition influences peripheral levodopa metabolism and highlights properties of dopamine agonists such as direct dopamine-receptor stimulation and their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The anesthesia and skeletal-muscle pharmacology section examines general and local anesthetics, spinal and sympathetic nerve blockade, and medications used to control muscle spasticity. The questions cover differences between inhaled and IV general anesthetics, dantrolene sodium, botulinum toxin (Botox), diazepam, tizanidine, and gabapentin, as well as the mechanism of local anesthetics through sodium-channel blockade. Students also review spinal anesthesia, obstetric anesthesia, sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome, and the use of a vasoconstrictor with local anesthetics to reduce removal of medication from the injection area. The final section concentrates on opioid pharmacology and analgesia. Questions distinguish mu and kappa opioid receptors, mild-to-moderate opioid agonists such as codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone, and strong opioid agonists including fentanyl, methadone, and hydromorphone. Respiratory depression is identified in the document as the most concerning opioid adverse effect. The resource concludes by testing the spinal mechanism of opioid analgesia through decreased presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic hyperpolarization, along with the receptor type associated in the material with sedation and psychotic effects. The uploaded document identifies itself as NUR 2474 Pharmacology Exam 2 and as a 2026/2027 exam resource, despite the uploaded filename containing “2021.” The source itself does not identify a university, assigned textbook, journal, authors, or edition, so a university or external academic reference should not be invented. Relevant students: This document is particularly relevant for NUR 2474 students, RN students, ADN and BSN students, professional nursing students, nursing pharmacology students, and learners preparing for Pharmacology Exam 2. It is especially useful for students reviewing anticoagulants, CNS pharmacology, psychiatric medications, antiepileptics, Parkinson’s medications, anesthesia, muscle relaxants, opioid receptors, analgesics, adverse effects, and pharmacologic mechanisms of action. 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