WGU D426 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
1. Which of the following best describes the property of a Candidate Key?
A. It is a key that must always be selected as the primary key.
B. It is a minimal superkey that uniquely identifies a row.
C. It is a non-unique attribute used for sorting data.
D. It is a key that allows for duplicate values in a table.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A candidate key is a minimal superkey, meaning it is a set of one
or more attributes that uniquely identifies a record and does not contain any unnecessary
attributes.
2. In the context of database normalization, what is the primary requirement for a table to be
in First Normal Form (1NF)?
A. Every non-key attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
B. There must be no transitive dependencies.
C. Each attribute must contain only atomic values and there should be no repeating groups.
,D. Every determinant must be a candidate key.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: 1NF requires that all attributes contain atomic (indivisible)
values and that there are no repeating groups or multi-valued attributes.
3. A table is in Second Normal Form (2NF) if it is in 1NF and what other condition is met?
A. There are no partial functional dependencies.
B. Every determinant is a candidate key.
C. There are no transitive dependencies.
D. All foreign keys are indexed.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that a table is in 1NF and that every non-prime
attribute is fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, eliminating partial
dependencies.
4. Third Normal Form (3NF) is achieved when a table is in 2NF and which of the following is
true?
A. It contains no multi-valued attributes.
B. It contains no transitive dependencies.
C. It has no partial dependencies.
D. It uses a surrogate key.
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: 3NF requires a table to be in 2NF and ensures that no non-prime
attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key (no non-key attribute depends on
another non-key attribute).
5. Which SQL command is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. SELECT
B. ALTER
C. UPDATE
D. INSERT
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: DDL commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP are used to
define or modify the structure of the database. SELECT, UPDATE, and INSERT are DML
(Data Manipulation Language).
6. What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands in SQL?
A. DELETE is DDL while TRUNCATE is DML.
B. TRUNCATE can be rolled back, while DELETE cannot.
C. DELETE removes specific rows based on a condition; TRUNCATE removes all rows and
resets the table structure’s identity counter.
D. DELETE removes the table definition; TRUNCATE only removes data.
FOUNDATIONS EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
1. Which of the following best describes the property of a Candidate Key?
A. It is a key that must always be selected as the primary key.
B. It is a minimal superkey that uniquely identifies a row.
C. It is a non-unique attribute used for sorting data.
D. It is a key that allows for duplicate values in a table.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A candidate key is a minimal superkey, meaning it is a set of one
or more attributes that uniquely identifies a record and does not contain any unnecessary
attributes.
2. In the context of database normalization, what is the primary requirement for a table to be
in First Normal Form (1NF)?
A. Every non-key attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the primary key.
B. There must be no transitive dependencies.
C. Each attribute must contain only atomic values and there should be no repeating groups.
,D. Every determinant must be a candidate key.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: 1NF requires that all attributes contain atomic (indivisible)
values and that there are no repeating groups or multi-valued attributes.
3. A table is in Second Normal Form (2NF) if it is in 1NF and what other condition is met?
A. There are no partial functional dependencies.
B. Every determinant is a candidate key.
C. There are no transitive dependencies.
D. All foreign keys are indexed.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: 2NF requires that a table is in 1NF and that every non-prime
attribute is fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, eliminating partial
dependencies.
4. Third Normal Form (3NF) is achieved when a table is in 2NF and which of the following is
true?
A. It contains no multi-valued attributes.
B. It contains no transitive dependencies.
C. It has no partial dependencies.
D. It uses a surrogate key.
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: 3NF requires a table to be in 2NF and ensures that no non-prime
attribute is transitively dependent on the primary key (no non-key attribute depends on
another non-key attribute).
5. Which SQL command is classified as Data Definition Language (DDL)?
A. SELECT
B. ALTER
C. UPDATE
D. INSERT
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: DDL commands like CREATE, ALTER, and DROP are used to
define or modify the structure of the database. SELECT, UPDATE, and INSERT are DML
(Data Manipulation Language).
6. What is the difference between the DELETE and TRUNCATE commands in SQL?
A. DELETE is DDL while TRUNCATE is DML.
B. TRUNCATE can be rolled back, while DELETE cannot.
C. DELETE removes specific rows based on a condition; TRUNCATE removes all rows and
resets the table structure’s identity counter.
D. DELETE removes the table definition; TRUNCATE only removes data.
