NR 566 Advanced Pharmacology for Care of
the Family Final Exam – Chamberlain
University Questions & 100% Verified
Answers
2026–2027
,Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) Two most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic Mild allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
disorders?
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 Dry mouth and urinary retention
antagonists?
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? Sedation and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 Confusion and apathy
antagonists?
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? Muscle spasm and appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 Discomfort
antagonists?
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? CNS seizures and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? Reduces sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 H1 antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
antagonists?
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
body?
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
used as a sleep aid?
,What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
in older adults?
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? Diminishes redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
motion sickness?
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? They inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
aids?
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
more susceptible to?
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and
cautiously in older adults? accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation Beers Criteria.
antihistamines in older adults?
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
children?
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? Over-the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four
years old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
pregnancy?
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare
breastfeeding? provider is recommended.
, How can age-related changes affect the use of They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
antihistamines?
What should be considered regarding family support in The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults
medication management? and children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
generation H1 antagonists?
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation
antagonists differ? primarily targets H1 receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 Used for a broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
antagonists?
What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 Mainly used for allergic conditions.
antagonists?
What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
H1 antagonists?
What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists? Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
How sedating are second generation H1 antagonists? Less sedating as they do not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively.
What is the mechanism of action of second generation H1 Selectively block H1 receptors without significant interaction with muscarinic
antagonists? receptors.
What are the primary indications for second generation H1 Primarily used for allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
antagonists?
What are the side effects of second generation H1 Generally well-tolerated with minimal sedation; some may still experience mild
antagonists? drowsiness.
What are the contraindications for second generation H1 Fewer contraindications compared to first-generation antihistamines, but caution is
antagonists? advised in clients with severe liver disease.
What effect do certain fruit juices have on fexofenadine Certain fruit juices can reduce fexofenadine absorption, possibly reducing
absorption? therapeutic effects.
Which fruit juices are known to interact with fexofenadine? Apple juice, orange juice, and grapefruit juice.
the Family Final Exam – Chamberlain
University Questions & 100% Verified
Answers
2026–2027
,Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Doxylamine (Unisom) Two most common H1 antagonist sleep aids
What are H1 antagonists used to treat in allergic Mild allergic reactions, such as allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
disorders?
What are the anticholinergic adverse effects of H1 Dry mouth and urinary retention
antagonists?
What depressive effects can H1 antagonists cause? Sedation and impaired ability, more common in FGA due to crossing the BBB
What behavioral adverse effects are associated with H1 Confusion and apathy
antagonists?
What stimulatory effects can H1 antagonists have? Muscle spasm and appetite stimulation
What gastrointestinal adverse effects can occur with H1 Discomfort
antagonists?
What can happen at high doses of H1 antagonists? CNS seizures and hallucinations
In which populations are H1 antagonists contraindicated? Newborns, children under the age of 2, and women who are breastfeeding.
What conditions contraindicate the use of H1 antagonists? Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and acute exacerbation of asthma.
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on allergic rhinitis? Reduces sneezing, nasal discharge, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H1 H1 antagonists work by blocking H1 histamine receptors.
antagonists?
What effect do H1 antagonists have on histamine in the They help to reduce the effects of histamine in the body.
body?
How does blocking histamine action affect wakefulness? Blocking histamine action can lead to sedation and help induce sleep.
What is a common side effect of H1 antagonists when Daytime Drowsiness: Users may experience lingering sedation the next day.
used as a sleep aid?
,What are some anticholinergic effects of H1 antagonists? Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What CNS effects can H1 antagonists cause, particularly Dizziness, confusion, and incoordination.
in older adults?
What is the effect of H1 antagonists on urticaria? Diminishes redness, itching, and swelling.
Which first-generation H1 antagonists are effective for Promethazine and dimenhydrinate.
motion sickness?
How do certain H1 antagonists help with motion sickness? They inhibit muscarinic receptors.
Why are first-generation H1 antagonists included in sleep For short-term management of sleep disturbances.
aids?
What are the anticholinergic effects that older adults are Dizziness, confusion, and sedation.
more susceptible to?
Why should first-generation antihistamines be used They can increase sedation and anticholinergic effects, raising the risk of falls and
cautiously in older adults? accidents.
What criteria advises against the use of first-generation Beers Criteria.
antihistamines in older adults?
What is a concern regarding polypharmacy in older adults? Increased risk of drug interactions and cumulative side effects.
What effect can first-generation antihistamines have on They can cause paradoxical excitation, leading to increased agitation or insomnia.
children?
What is advised for the use of antihistamines in infants? Over-the-counter cold remedies should generally be avoided in children under four
years old.
What is the Pregnancy Risk Category for antihistamines? Category C, meaning they should only be used if benefits outweigh risks.
Which type of antihistamines are often preferred during Second-generation antihistamines due to a better safety profile.
pregnancy?
What should be considered regarding antihistamines and Caution is advised as they can pass into breast milk; consultation with a healthcare
breastfeeding? provider is recommended.
, How can age-related changes affect the use of They can alter pharmacokinetics, affecting metabolism and excretion.
antihistamines?
What should be considered regarding family support in The ability of the family to manage medication regimens, especially in older adults
medication management? and children.
What is a key difference in sedation between 1st and 2nd First-generation causes significant sedation; second-generation is less sedating.
generation H1 antagonists?
How do the mechanisms of 1st and 2nd generation H1 First-generation affects both H1 and muscarinic receptors; second-generation
antagonists differ? primarily targets H1 receptors.
What are the primary use cases for 1st generation H1 Used for a broader range of conditions, including insomnia and motion sickness.
antagonists?
What are the primary use cases for 2nd generation H1 Mainly used for allergic conditions.
antagonists?
What side effects are more pronounced in 1st generation More pronounced side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects.
H1 antagonists?
What are examples of second generation H1 antagonists? Fexofenadine (Allegra), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), Loratadine (Claritin)
How sedating are second generation H1 antagonists? Less sedating as they do not cross the blood-brain barrier effectively.
What is the mechanism of action of second generation H1 Selectively block H1 receptors without significant interaction with muscarinic
antagonists? receptors.
What are the primary indications for second generation H1 Primarily used for allergic rhinitis and urticaria.
antagonists?
What are the side effects of second generation H1 Generally well-tolerated with minimal sedation; some may still experience mild
antagonists? drowsiness.
What are the contraindications for second generation H1 Fewer contraindications compared to first-generation antihistamines, but caution is
antagonists? advised in clients with severe liver disease.
What effect do certain fruit juices have on fexofenadine Certain fruit juices can reduce fexofenadine absorption, possibly reducing
absorption? therapeutic effects.
Which fruit juices are known to interact with fexofenadine? Apple juice, orange juice, and grapefruit juice.
