ANPH 1002 Final Actual Exam Prep Q&As |
Newest Updated 200 Question Bank with
Rationales | Graded A+
Question 1
Which specific anterior pituitary hormone experiences a sharp surge mid-cycle to directly
trigger ovulation in the normal female ovarian cycle?
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) Estrogen
,C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) Progesterone
VERIFIED ANSWER: C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
EXPLANATION: A massive pre-ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the
anterior pituitary induces completion of meiosis I in the oocyte and triggers rupture of
the mature vesicular follicle, releasing the secondary oocyte.
Question 2
In a typical human pregnancy, fertilization of the secondary oocyte by a spermatozoon
most frequently occurs in which anatomical region of the uterine tube?
A) Ampulla
B) Isthmus
C) Infundibulum
D) Endometrium
VERIFIED ANSWER: A) Ampulla
EXPLANATION: The ampulla is the wide, lateral middle portion of the uterine tube. It
provides the optimal physiological environment and is the most common site for
fertilization to take place before the zygote travels to the uterus.
Question 3
Selective vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, while holding renal arterial pressure
constant, will have which direct effect on glomerular hemodynamics?
A) Decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in GFR
B) No change in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in GFR
C) Decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and increase in GFR
D) Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and increase in GFR
,VERIFIED ANSWER: D) Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and
increase in GFR
EXPLANATION: Constricting the efferent arteriole restricts blood outflow from the
glomerulus. This creates a bottleneck effect that raises the glomerular capillary
hydrostatic pressure, which directly drives an increase in the glomerular filtration rate
(GFR).
Question 4
Which segment of the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of
filtered water and sodium, as well as virtually all filtered glucose and amino acids under
normal conditions?
A) Distal convoluted tubule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Thin descending limb of loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
VERIFIED ANSWER: B) Proximal convoluted tubule
EXPLANATION: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) features a highly developed
brush border of microvilli that increases surface area along with abundant
mitochondria to support the active transport required for bulk reabsorption of fluid,
solutes, glucose, and amino acids.
Question 5
A drop in systemic blood pressure or decreased NaCl delivery to the macula densa
triggers the granular (juxtaglomerular) cells of the afferent arteriole to release which rate-
limiting enzyme?
A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
B) Aldosterone
, C) Renin
D) Erythropoietin
VERIFIED ANSWER: C) Renin
EXPLANATION: Renin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the granular cells of the
juxtaglomerular apparatus. Once released into the blood, it cleaves circulating
angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) cascade to increase blood pressure.
Question 6
During the normal cardiac cycle, at what specific point do both the atrioventricular (AV)
and semilunar (SL) valves remain completely closed simultaneously?
A) Isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
B) Ventricular ejection phase
C) Ventricular filling (diastole)
D) Atrial systole
VERIFIED ANSWER: A) Isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
EXPLANATION: During these short transitional phases, ventricular volume remains
constant because all four cardiac valves are closed. Ventricular muscles are either
building up tension (isovolumetric contraction) or relaxing (isovolumetric relaxation)
before pressures shift enough to force open a set of valves.
Question 7
What is the primary physiological mechanism and effect of pulmonary surfactant secreted
by type II alveolar cells within the lungs?
A) It increases airway resistance to regulate smooth laminar airflow during forced
expiration.
Newest Updated 200 Question Bank with
Rationales | Graded A+
Question 1
Which specific anterior pituitary hormone experiences a sharp surge mid-cycle to directly
trigger ovulation in the normal female ovarian cycle?
A) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) Estrogen
,C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) Progesterone
VERIFIED ANSWER: C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
EXPLANATION: A massive pre-ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the
anterior pituitary induces completion of meiosis I in the oocyte and triggers rupture of
the mature vesicular follicle, releasing the secondary oocyte.
Question 2
In a typical human pregnancy, fertilization of the secondary oocyte by a spermatozoon
most frequently occurs in which anatomical region of the uterine tube?
A) Ampulla
B) Isthmus
C) Infundibulum
D) Endometrium
VERIFIED ANSWER: A) Ampulla
EXPLANATION: The ampulla is the wide, lateral middle portion of the uterine tube. It
provides the optimal physiological environment and is the most common site for
fertilization to take place before the zygote travels to the uterus.
Question 3
Selective vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, while holding renal arterial pressure
constant, will have which direct effect on glomerular hemodynamics?
A) Decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in GFR
B) No change in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and decrease in GFR
C) Decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and increase in GFR
D) Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and increase in GFR
,VERIFIED ANSWER: D) Increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and
increase in GFR
EXPLANATION: Constricting the efferent arteriole restricts blood outflow from the
glomerulus. This creates a bottleneck effect that raises the glomerular capillary
hydrostatic pressure, which directly drives an increase in the glomerular filtration rate
(GFR).
Question 4
Which segment of the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65% of
filtered water and sodium, as well as virtually all filtered glucose and amino acids under
normal conditions?
A) Distal convoluted tubule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Thin descending limb of loop of Henle
D) Collecting duct
VERIFIED ANSWER: B) Proximal convoluted tubule
EXPLANATION: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) features a highly developed
brush border of microvilli that increases surface area along with abundant
mitochondria to support the active transport required for bulk reabsorption of fluid,
solutes, glucose, and amino acids.
Question 5
A drop in systemic blood pressure or decreased NaCl delivery to the macula densa
triggers the granular (juxtaglomerular) cells of the afferent arteriole to release which rate-
limiting enzyme?
A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
B) Aldosterone
, C) Renin
D) Erythropoietin
VERIFIED ANSWER: C) Renin
EXPLANATION: Renin is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the granular cells of the
juxtaglomerular apparatus. Once released into the blood, it cleaves circulating
angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) cascade to increase blood pressure.
Question 6
During the normal cardiac cycle, at what specific point do both the atrioventricular (AV)
and semilunar (SL) valves remain completely closed simultaneously?
A) Isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
B) Ventricular ejection phase
C) Ventricular filling (diastole)
D) Atrial systole
VERIFIED ANSWER: A) Isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
EXPLANATION: During these short transitional phases, ventricular volume remains
constant because all four cardiac valves are closed. Ventricular muscles are either
building up tension (isovolumetric contraction) or relaxing (isovolumetric relaxation)
before pressures shift enough to force open a set of valves.
Question 7
What is the primary physiological mechanism and effect of pulmonary surfactant secreted
by type II alveolar cells within the lungs?
A) It increases airway resistance to regulate smooth laminar airflow during forced
expiration.
