microbiology module 1 exam
What do microorganisms include? - ANSWER...-bacteria, algae, protozoa
What can viruses infect? - ANSWER...-all living cells
Viruses are - ANSWER...-parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements, dependent on their
infected host, connected with the evolution of microbes and humans
Nature of Microorganisms - ANSWER...--Microbes are very easy and very difficult to
study.
-Reproduce rapidly.
-Can be quickly grown in large populations in the laboratory.
-Can't be seen directly.
-Microscopes and other indirect means are used to study them.
Prokaryote - ANSWER...-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
Eukaryote - ANSWER...-organism whose cells contain a nucleus
where do microbes live - ANSWER...-everywhere
anoxygenic photosynthesis - ANSWER...-Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does not produce oxygen
oxygenic photosynthesis - ANSWER...-Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does produce oxygen
historical uses of microbes by humans - ANSWER...-Bread production
Alcohol production
Cheese production
Treatment of wounds and lesions
Mining precious metals
Cleaning up human-created contamination
genetic engineering - ANSWER...-an area of biotechnology that manipulates the
genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for creating new products and genetically
modified organisms (GMO's)
Recombinant DNA technology - ANSWER...-the transfer of genetic material from one
organism to another to deliberately alter the DNA and produce a specific product
, Bioremediation - ANSWER...-the use of microorganisms, either naturally occurring or
artificially introduced, to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants
Pathogens - ANSWER...-Microbes that cause disease
spontaneous generation - ANSWER...-the belief that invisible vital forces present in
matter led to the creation of life
Abiogenesis - ANSWER...-The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously
appeared through chemical reactions.
Biogenesis - ANSWER...-development of life from preexisting life
Macromolecules - ANSWER...-large molecules
Four main macromolecules - ANSWER...-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
monomers - ANSWER...-subunits of macromolecules
Polymers - ANSWER...-chains of various lengths made up of monomers
Polysaccharides - ANSWER...-Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
Cellulose - ANSWER...-found in plants and algae
Agar - ANSWER...-polysaccharide used in preparing solid culture media for microbes
peptidoglycan - ANSWER...-complex of lipid and polysaccharide responsible for
symptoms of fever and shock
Glycocalyx - ANSWER...-outer surface of many cells; functions in attachment or as a
receptor that receives external stimuli
fatty acids - ANSWER...-long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at the end
saturated fatty acids - ANSWER...-solid at room tempature
unsaturated fatty acids - ANSWER...-liquid at room temperature
Triglycerides - ANSWER...-storage lipid including fats and oils
Glycerol - ANSWER...-a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each
carbon
Hydrophilic - ANSWER...-water loving, head of the molecule
What do microorganisms include? - ANSWER...-bacteria, algae, protozoa
What can viruses infect? - ANSWER...-all living cells
Viruses are - ANSWER...-parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements, dependent on their
infected host, connected with the evolution of microbes and humans
Nature of Microorganisms - ANSWER...--Microbes are very easy and very difficult to
study.
-Reproduce rapidly.
-Can be quickly grown in large populations in the laboratory.
-Can't be seen directly.
-Microscopes and other indirect means are used to study them.
Prokaryote - ANSWER...-A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
Eukaryote - ANSWER...-organism whose cells contain a nucleus
where do microbes live - ANSWER...-everywhere
anoxygenic photosynthesis - ANSWER...-Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does not produce oxygen
oxygenic photosynthesis - ANSWER...-Light-fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to
organic material that does produce oxygen
historical uses of microbes by humans - ANSWER...-Bread production
Alcohol production
Cheese production
Treatment of wounds and lesions
Mining precious metals
Cleaning up human-created contamination
genetic engineering - ANSWER...-an area of biotechnology that manipulates the
genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for creating new products and genetically
modified organisms (GMO's)
Recombinant DNA technology - ANSWER...-the transfer of genetic material from one
organism to another to deliberately alter the DNA and produce a specific product
, Bioremediation - ANSWER...-the use of microorganisms, either naturally occurring or
artificially introduced, to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants
Pathogens - ANSWER...-Microbes that cause disease
spontaneous generation - ANSWER...-the belief that invisible vital forces present in
matter led to the creation of life
Abiogenesis - ANSWER...-The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously
appeared through chemical reactions.
Biogenesis - ANSWER...-development of life from preexisting life
Macromolecules - ANSWER...-large molecules
Four main macromolecules - ANSWER...-carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
monomers - ANSWER...-subunits of macromolecules
Polymers - ANSWER...-chains of various lengths made up of monomers
Polysaccharides - ANSWER...-Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two
monosaccharides
Cellulose - ANSWER...-found in plants and algae
Agar - ANSWER...-polysaccharide used in preparing solid culture media for microbes
peptidoglycan - ANSWER...-complex of lipid and polysaccharide responsible for
symptoms of fever and shock
Glycocalyx - ANSWER...-outer surface of many cells; functions in attachment or as a
receptor that receives external stimuli
fatty acids - ANSWER...-long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at the end
saturated fatty acids - ANSWER...-solid at room tempature
unsaturated fatty acids - ANSWER...-liquid at room temperature
Triglycerides - ANSWER...-storage lipid including fats and oils
Glycerol - ANSWER...-a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to each
carbon
Hydrophilic - ANSWER...-water loving, head of the molecule
