APHY 102 EXAM PREP KNOWLEDGE CHECK UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉What is a hormone and how does it act . Answer: a regulatory
substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such
as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
a synthetic substance with an effect similar to that of an animal or plant
hormone.
a person's sex hormones as held to influence behavior or mood.
Hormones are made by endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, pancreas,
and ovaries. But how do they work in our bodies? Why are they
important? Read more about different hormones, the glands that produce
them, and the work that they do.
◉Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin. . Answer: Glucagon is a
peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas, that raises the
concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of
insulin, which lowers the glucose concentration
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that
regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes
a form of diabetes
,◉How are pheromones different than hormones? . Answer: Pheromones
are a type of hormone that are mainly for the purpose of attracting others
and are a big part of the deciding factor to how they act around you.
Hormones in general are your body's way of regulating your levels and
systems. Hormone and pheromone levels are closely linked though,
since a pheromone is a type of hormone.
◉How is inhibin used in the body? . Answer: One of two hormones
(designated inhibin-A and inhibin-B) secreted by the gonads (by Sertoli
cells in the male and the granulosa cells in the female) and that inhibit
the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary
gland. The inhibins are also involved in the control of the production of
gametes and embryonic and fetal development. Because inhibin-A is
elevated in the blood serum of women carrying a fetus with Down
syndrome, inhibin-A is included in the maternal serum screening tests
for Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy.
◉Differentiate between paracrine, autocrine, endocrine, and exocrine
glands . Answer: Paracrine glands are similar to endocrine glands but
instead of secreting material into the bloodstream or into their ducts,
their products act on the target cells by diffusion of their material into
the extracelular space or in the immediately subjacent connective tissue.
Autocrine glands are These are glands whose secretions act on the gland
itself. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete
their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a
duct. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products into ducts.
They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their
products directly into the bloodstream. Typical exocrine glands include
,sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, and many glands of the
digestive system.
◉How is diabetes insipitus different than diabetes mellitus? . Answer:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood
while diabetes insipidus is a disease where kidneys are unable to
conserve water. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease while diabetes
mellitus is very common; "diabetes" in general usage refers to diabetes
mellitus. The causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis for both
diseases are different.
◉Describe steroid hormones . Answer: A steroid hormone (abbreviated
as sterone) is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be
grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind:
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and
progestogens
◉Describe tropic hormones. . Answer: Tropic hormones are hormones
that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones
are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary.
◉Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH . Answer: pH
range- 7.35-7.45, Which of the following is a regulatory function of
blood?maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
, ◉How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? .
Answer: The Rh factor can cause problems if you are Rh negative and
your fetus is Rh positive. This is called Rh incompatibility. These
problems usually do not occur in a first pregnancy, but they can occur in
a later pregnancy.
◉What antigens can be found on RBC? What antibodies can be found in
the plasma? How do these create different blood types? . Answer: Type
A blood has the A antigen and the Antibody anti- B, Type B blood has
the B antigen and the Antibody anti-a
Type AB has antigens AB ,Type O blood has no antigens, and both the
antibodies anti-a and anti-b ,AB is the universal receiver and O is the
universal donor. However, if B type blood is injected into their systems,
anti-B antibodies in their plasma will recognize it as alien and burst or
agglutinate the introduced red cells in order to cleanse the blood of alien
protein. Individuals with type O blood do not produce ABO antigens
◉Describe the different leukocytes and their origins . Answer: they
come from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells.Made in the bone
marrow
◉Compare the formed elements of the blood. . Answer: 1) Red blood
Cells (erythrocytes) - 99.9% 2)White Blood Cells (leukocytes) - 0.1% 3)
Platelets - 0.1 %
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉What is a hormone and how does it act . Answer: a regulatory
substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such
as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
a synthetic substance with an effect similar to that of an animal or plant
hormone.
a person's sex hormones as held to influence behavior or mood.
Hormones are made by endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, pancreas,
and ovaries. But how do they work in our bodies? Why are they
important? Read more about different hormones, the glands that produce
them, and the work that they do.
◉Compare and contrast glucagon and insulin. . Answer: Glucagon is a
peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas, that raises the
concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Its effect is opposite that of
insulin, which lowers the glucose concentration
a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that
regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes
a form of diabetes
,◉How are pheromones different than hormones? . Answer: Pheromones
are a type of hormone that are mainly for the purpose of attracting others
and are a big part of the deciding factor to how they act around you.
Hormones in general are your body's way of regulating your levels and
systems. Hormone and pheromone levels are closely linked though,
since a pheromone is a type of hormone.
◉How is inhibin used in the body? . Answer: One of two hormones
(designated inhibin-A and inhibin-B) secreted by the gonads (by Sertoli
cells in the male and the granulosa cells in the female) and that inhibit
the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary
gland. The inhibins are also involved in the control of the production of
gametes and embryonic and fetal development. Because inhibin-A is
elevated in the blood serum of women carrying a fetus with Down
syndrome, inhibin-A is included in the maternal serum screening tests
for Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy.
◉Differentiate between paracrine, autocrine, endocrine, and exocrine
glands . Answer: Paracrine glands are similar to endocrine glands but
instead of secreting material into the bloodstream or into their ducts,
their products act on the target cells by diffusion of their material into
the extracelular space or in the immediately subjacent connective tissue.
Autocrine glands are These are glands whose secretions act on the gland
itself. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete
their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a
duct. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products into ducts.
They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their
products directly into the bloodstream. Typical exocrine glands include
,sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, and many glands of the
digestive system.
◉How is diabetes insipitus different than diabetes mellitus? . Answer:
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood
while diabetes insipidus is a disease where kidneys are unable to
conserve water. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disease while diabetes
mellitus is very common; "diabetes" in general usage refers to diabetes
mellitus. The causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis for both
diseases are different.
◉Describe steroid hormones . Answer: A steroid hormone (abbreviated
as sterone) is a steroid that acts as a hormone. Steroid hormones can be
grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind:
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and
progestogens
◉Describe tropic hormones. . Answer: Tropic hormones are hormones
that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most tropic hormones
are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary.
◉Describe normal blood: number of each cell type, pH . Answer: pH
range- 7.35-7.45, Which of the following is a regulatory function of
blood?maintenance of normal pH in body tissues
, ◉How does the Rh factor affect a developing fetus and its mother? .
Answer: The Rh factor can cause problems if you are Rh negative and
your fetus is Rh positive. This is called Rh incompatibility. These
problems usually do not occur in a first pregnancy, but they can occur in
a later pregnancy.
◉What antigens can be found on RBC? What antibodies can be found in
the plasma? How do these create different blood types? . Answer: Type
A blood has the A antigen and the Antibody anti- B, Type B blood has
the B antigen and the Antibody anti-a
Type AB has antigens AB ,Type O blood has no antigens, and both the
antibodies anti-a and anti-b ,AB is the universal receiver and O is the
universal donor. However, if B type blood is injected into their systems,
anti-B antibodies in their plasma will recognize it as alien and burst or
agglutinate the introduced red cells in order to cleanse the blood of alien
protein. Individuals with type O blood do not produce ABO antigens
◉Describe the different leukocytes and their origins . Answer: they
come from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells.Made in the bone
marrow
◉Compare the formed elements of the blood. . Answer: 1) Red blood
Cells (erythrocytes) - 99.9% 2)White Blood Cells (leukocytes) - 0.1% 3)
Platelets - 0.1 %
