APHY 102 COMPREHENSIVE TEST QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
✔✔Stimulating or tropic hormones - ✔✔Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
to release their hormones
✔✔Anterior pituitary gland - ✔✔Secretes hormones like growth hormone and prolactin,
regulated by hypothalamic hormones
✔✔Posterior pituitary gland - ✔✔Stores and releases hormones oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone made in the hypothalamus
✔✔Growth Hormone - ✔✔Secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates growth and cell
reproduction
✔✔Prolactin - ✔✔Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production
✔✔Thyroxine (T4) - ✔✔Thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
✔✔Triiodothyronine (T3) - ✔✔Thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
✔✔Calcitonin - ✔✔Hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
✔✔Parathyroid hormone - ✔✔Hormone that raises blood calcium levels
✔✔Epinephrine - ✔✔Hormone released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔Hormone released by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress
✔✔Aldosterone - ✔✔Hormone that regulates salt and water balance in the body
✔✔Cortisol - ✔✔Stress hormone that regulates metabolism and immune response
✔✔Adrenal androgens - ✔✔Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal glands
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔Pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose levels
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔Pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose levels
✔✔Melatonin - ✔✔Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles
✔✔Thymosins - ✔✔Hormones that stimulate the development of T lymphocytes
, ✔✔Estrogen - ✔✔Female sex hormone responsible for female characteristics
✔✔Progesterone - ✔✔Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy
✔✔Erythropoietin - ✔✔Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
✔✔Hyperthyroidism/Graves disease - ✔✔Condition of excessive thyroid hormone
causing weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and sweating
✔✔Hypothyroidism/Hashimoto disease - ✔✔Condition of low thyroid hormone causing
fatigue, weight gain, and cold sensitivity
✔✔Renin-angiotensin system - ✔✔Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
✔✔Exocrine function of pancreas - ✔✔Secretes digestive enzymes into the small
intestine
✔✔Endocrine function of pancreas - ✔✔Regulates blood sugar levels by producing
insulin and glucagon
✔✔Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels
✔✔Growth - ✔✔Increase in size or mass of an organism
✔✔Development - ✔✔Process of growth, differentiation, and maturation
✔✔Prenatal period - ✔✔Time from conception to birth
✔✔Postnatal period - ✔✔Time after birth
✔✔Fertilization - ✔✔Union of sperm and egg to form a zygote
✔✔Acrosome - ✔✔Structure in sperm that aids in penetrating the egg
✔✔Zona pellucida - ✔✔Protective layer around the egg
✔✔Cleavage - ✔✔Rapid cell division without growth
✔✔Zygote - ✔✔Fertilized egg cell
✔✔Blastomeres - ✔✔Cells formed by cleavage of a zygote
✔✔Stimulating or tropic hormones - ✔✔Hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
to release their hormones
✔✔Anterior pituitary gland - ✔✔Secretes hormones like growth hormone and prolactin,
regulated by hypothalamic hormones
✔✔Posterior pituitary gland - ✔✔Stores and releases hormones oxytocin and
antidiuretic hormone made in the hypothalamus
✔✔Growth Hormone - ✔✔Secreted by the anterior pituitary, stimulates growth and cell
reproduction
✔✔Prolactin - ✔✔Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production
✔✔Thyroxine (T4) - ✔✔Thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
✔✔Triiodothyronine (T3) - ✔✔Thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism
✔✔Calcitonin - ✔✔Hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
✔✔Parathyroid hormone - ✔✔Hormone that raises blood calcium levels
✔✔Epinephrine - ✔✔Hormone released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress
✔✔Norepinephrine - ✔✔Hormone released by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress
✔✔Aldosterone - ✔✔Hormone that regulates salt and water balance in the body
✔✔Cortisol - ✔✔Stress hormone that regulates metabolism and immune response
✔✔Adrenal androgens - ✔✔Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal glands
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔Pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose levels
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔Pancreatic hormone that lowers blood glucose levels
✔✔Melatonin - ✔✔Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles
✔✔Thymosins - ✔✔Hormones that stimulate the development of T lymphocytes
, ✔✔Estrogen - ✔✔Female sex hormone responsible for female characteristics
✔✔Progesterone - ✔✔Hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy
✔✔Erythropoietin - ✔✔Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production
✔✔Hyperthyroidism/Graves disease - ✔✔Condition of excessive thyroid hormone
causing weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and sweating
✔✔Hypothyroidism/Hashimoto disease - ✔✔Condition of low thyroid hormone causing
fatigue, weight gain, and cold sensitivity
✔✔Renin-angiotensin system - ✔✔Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway
✔✔Exocrine function of pancreas - ✔✔Secretes digestive enzymes into the small
intestine
✔✔Endocrine function of pancreas - ✔✔Regulates blood sugar levels by producing
insulin and glucagon
✔✔Diabetes mellitus - ✔✔Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels
✔✔Growth - ✔✔Increase in size or mass of an organism
✔✔Development - ✔✔Process of growth, differentiation, and maturation
✔✔Prenatal period - ✔✔Time from conception to birth
✔✔Postnatal period - ✔✔Time after birth
✔✔Fertilization - ✔✔Union of sperm and egg to form a zygote
✔✔Acrosome - ✔✔Structure in sperm that aids in penetrating the egg
✔✔Zona pellucida - ✔✔Protective layer around the egg
✔✔Cleavage - ✔✔Rapid cell division without growth
✔✔Zygote - ✔✔Fertilized egg cell
✔✔Blastomeres - ✔✔Cells formed by cleavage of a zygote
