APHY 101 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
⩥ Physiology. Answer: examines the functions of body parts, what they
do and how they do it
⩥ Levels of organization. Answer: Subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
⩥ Metabolism. Answer: all of the chemical reactions in an organism that
support life
⩥ homeostasis. Answer: The body's maintenance of a stable internal
environment
⩥ homeostatic mechanisms. Answer: receptors, control center, effectors
⩥ receptor. Answer: provide information about specific conditions
(stimuli) in the internal environment
,⩥ control center. Answer: set point; a particular value, such as body
temperature at 37°C (Celsius) or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
⩥ effector. Answer: cause responses that alter conditions in the internal
environment
⩥ negative feedback. Answer: If the receptors measure deviations from
the set point, effectors are activated that can return conditions toward
normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set point progressively
lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
⩥ cranial cavity. Answer: houses the brain
⩥ spinal cavity. Answer: houses the spinal cord
⩥ thoracic cavity. Answer: contains the lungs and heart
⩥ abdominal cavity. Answer: contains the stomach, liver, spleen,
gallbladder, kidneys, and the small and large intestines.
⩥ pelvic cavity. Answer: contains the terminal end of the large intestine,
the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.
, ⩥ serous membranes. Answer: line the walls of the thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover the organs within these
cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid that separates
the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer
covering the organ (visceral layer).
⩥ Aging at a cellular level. Answer: Cells mark time too, many
approaching the end of a limited number of predetermined cell divisions
as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells reaching the end of
their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable to
build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on
the verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at
the same time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer
becomes more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency,
including repair of DNA damage and transport of substances into and
out of cells. Aging cells are less efficient at extracting energy from
nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell parts.
⩥ anatomical position. Answer: Body facing forward, feet are parallel to
each other, arms are at he sides with the palms facing forward
⩥ Proximal. Answer: Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
⩥ distal. Answer: Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of
origin of a body part
⩥ Physiology. Answer: examines the functions of body parts, what they
do and how they do it
⩥ Levels of organization. Answer: Subatomic particles, atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
⩥ Metabolism. Answer: all of the chemical reactions in an organism that
support life
⩥ homeostasis. Answer: The body's maintenance of a stable internal
environment
⩥ homeostatic mechanisms. Answer: receptors, control center, effectors
⩥ receptor. Answer: provide information about specific conditions
(stimuli) in the internal environment
,⩥ control center. Answer: set point; a particular value, such as body
temperature at 37°C (Celsius) or 98.6°F (Fahrenheit)
⩥ effector. Answer: cause responses that alter conditions in the internal
environment
⩥ negative feedback. Answer: If the receptors measure deviations from
the set point, effectors are activated that can return conditions toward
normal. As this happens, the deviation from the set point progressively
lessens, and the effectors gradually shut down.
⩥ cranial cavity. Answer: houses the brain
⩥ spinal cavity. Answer: houses the spinal cord
⩥ thoracic cavity. Answer: contains the lungs and heart
⩥ abdominal cavity. Answer: contains the stomach, liver, spleen,
gallbladder, kidneys, and the small and large intestines.
⩥ pelvic cavity. Answer: contains the terminal end of the large intestine,
the urinary bladder, and the internal reproductive organs.
, ⩥ serous membranes. Answer: line the walls of the thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover the organs within these
cavities. These membranes secrete a slippery serous fluid that separates
the layer lining the wall of the cavity (parietal layer) from the layer
covering the organ (visceral layer).
⩥ Aging at a cellular level. Answer: Cells mark time too, many
approaching the end of a limited number of predetermined cell divisions
as their chromosome tips whittle down. Such cells reaching the end of
their division days may enlarge or die. Some cells may be unable to
build the apparatus that pulls apart replicated chromosomes in a cell on
the verge of division. Impaired cell division slows wound healing, yet at
the same time, the inappropriate cell division that underlies cancer
becomes more likely. Certain subcellular functions lose efficiency,
including repair of DNA damage and transport of substances into and
out of cells. Aging cells are less efficient at extracting energy from
nutrients and breaking down aged or damaged cell parts.
⩥ anatomical position. Answer: Body facing forward, feet are parallel to
each other, arms are at he sides with the palms facing forward
⩥ Proximal. Answer: Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk
⩥ distal. Answer: Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of
origin of a body part
