APEA CERTIFICATION EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◍ Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year-old man indicate an
FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted. Given these results,
expected symptoms in this patient would include:
shortness of breath and pursed lip breathing at rest.
productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
decreased pulses and peripheral edema.
bradycardia with tachypnea. Answer: productive cough and dyspnea on
exertion.
Findings of FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted suggest the
presence of moderate COPD. Symptoms include cough, sputum
production, and dyspnea on exertion. Symptoms of pursed lip breathing
at rest, decreased pulses, peripheral edema, and tachycardia with
tachypnea suggest severe COPD.
◍ Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to:
active immunity.
,passive immunity.
adaptive immunity.
antigenic variation. Answer: antigenic variation.
◍ Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary
edema?
Foul-smelling, blood-tinged sputum
Red or green sputum that contains pus
A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
A frequent cough that is dry and nonproductive Answer: A cough that
produces pink, frothy sputum
Pulmonary edema is a condition in which fluid leaks into the alveolar
spaces due to hemodynamic causes such as left heart failure or
pulmonary venous obstruction. This obstruction causes microvascular
injury or increased capillary permeability, resulting in pink, frothy
sputum (hemoptysis).
◍ Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include:
endothelial injury.
turbulence of blood flow.
hypercoagulability.
pulmonary infarction. Answer: pulmonary infarction.
, The other 3 factors predispose a patient to blood clot formation
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
increased alveolar dead space; hypoxemia; hyperventilation; loss of
surfactant; and pulmonary infarction.
◍ A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is
steatorrhea due to:
hyperalgesia.
pancreatic insufficiency.
short gut syndrome.
increased intestinal mobility. Answer: pancreatic insufficiency.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include bulky, oily, foul-smelling stool
(steatorrhea) resulting from an inability to absorb fats. Intestinal
obstruction and mechanical problems are due to pancreatic insufficiency
with atrophy, as well as obstructive cirrhosis and hypoplastic
gallbladder.
◍ An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that
may cause significant mortality is:
pulmonary hypertension.
right ventricular failure.
pleural effusion.
◍ Results from spirometry testing of a 60-year-old man indicate an
FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted. Given these results,
expected symptoms in this patient would include:
shortness of breath and pursed lip breathing at rest.
productive cough and dyspnea on exertion.
decreased pulses and peripheral edema.
bradycardia with tachypnea. Answer: productive cough and dyspnea on
exertion.
Findings of FEV1/FVC <70%, 30% FEV1 <80% predicted suggest the
presence of moderate COPD. Symptoms include cough, sputum
production, and dyspnea on exertion. Symptoms of pursed lip breathing
at rest, decreased pulses, peripheral edema, and tachycardia with
tachypnea suggest severe COPD.
◍ Annual influenza vaccination is necessary due to:
active immunity.
,passive immunity.
adaptive immunity.
antigenic variation. Answer: antigenic variation.
◍ Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of pulmonary
edema?
Foul-smelling, blood-tinged sputum
Red or green sputum that contains pus
A cough that produces pink, frothy sputum
A frequent cough that is dry and nonproductive Answer: A cough that
produces pink, frothy sputum
Pulmonary edema is a condition in which fluid leaks into the alveolar
spaces due to hemodynamic causes such as left heart failure or
pulmonary venous obstruction. This obstruction causes microvascular
injury or increased capillary permeability, resulting in pink, frothy
sputum (hemoptysis).
◍ Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism include:
endothelial injury.
turbulence of blood flow.
hypercoagulability.
pulmonary infarction. Answer: pulmonary infarction.
, The other 3 factors predispose a patient to blood clot formation
Acute respiratory consequences of pulmonary embolism (PE) include:
increased alveolar dead space; hypoxemia; hyperventilation; loss of
surfactant; and pulmonary infarction.
◍ A common assessment finding in patients with cystic fibrosis is
steatorrhea due to:
hyperalgesia.
pancreatic insufficiency.
short gut syndrome.
increased intestinal mobility. Answer: pancreatic insufficiency.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis include bulky, oily, foul-smelling stool
(steatorrhea) resulting from an inability to absorb fats. Intestinal
obstruction and mechanical problems are due to pancreatic insufficiency
with atrophy, as well as obstructive cirrhosis and hypoplastic
gallbladder.
◍ An acute hemodynamic consequence of a pulmonary embolism that
may cause significant mortality is:
pulmonary hypertension.
right ventricular failure.
pleural effusion.
