NURSING 2230 FINAL REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
NURSING 2230 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Health - correct answer ✔✔Dynamic state in which individuals adapt to their internal and external
environments so there is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual well-being.
Health Beliefs vs. Health Behaviors - correct answer ✔✔Health beliefs are the patient's personal ideas,
health behaviors are how the patient responds to health situations
Positive health behaviors - correct answer ✔✔activities related to maintaining, attaining or regaining
good health and preventing illness
Negative health behaviors - correct answer ✔✔practices that are actually or potentially harmful to
health
Health Contribution Factors - correct answer ✔✔culture, religion, language barrier, economic status, lack
of exercise, minority, access of food, history, lack of knowledge, genetic and physiological factors, age,
environment, lifestyle
Primary prevention - correct answer ✔✔comes before disease or dysfunction, applied to patients
considered physically and emotionally healthy
Secondary prevention - correct answer ✔✔focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems
or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
Tertiary prevention - correct answer ✔✔when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible and
involves minimizing the effects of long term disease by interventions directed towards prevention
further deterioration and complications
Evidence based practice (EBP) - correct answer ✔✔a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that
integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's expertise and patient
preference and values in making decisions about patient care
First step of evidence based practice EBP - correct answer ✔✔Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
Second step of EBP PICOT question format - correct answer ✔✔P: patient population of interest (age,
gender, ethnicity, health problem, disease)
I:Intervention of interest (which intervention is worthwhile to use in practice)
C: comparison of interest (what is the usual standard of care or current intervention used now in
practice)
O: Outcome (what result do you wish to achieve or observe as a result of an intervention)
T: Time (what amount of time is needed for an intervention to achieve an outcome
Third step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Search for the most relevant and best evidence
,Fourth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔critically appraise the evidence you gather
Fifth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient
preferences and values
Sixth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using
evidence
Seventh step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Share the outcomes of EBP changes with others
Pre-orientation phase of nurse-patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔no definite right thing to say and
recognize there are specially trained people to help
Orientation phase of nurse patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔1. An atmosphere is established in
which rapport can grow
2. Nurse's role is clear and nurse and patient agree on their specific responsibilities
3. Talk about confidetiality
4. Talk about the termination phase
5. Nurse gets to know how patient communicates and learns best
6. Patient's problems are articulated, discussed, and goals are made
7. IDENTIFY PATIENT GOALS
Working phase of nurse-patient interation - correct answer ✔✔1. Maintain the relationship
2. Gain further data
3. Promote patient's problem solving skills, self-esteem, and language skills
4. Facilitate behavioral changes
5. Evaluate problems and goals and redefine them as needed
6. Encourage and help patient set the goals
Termination phase of nurse-patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔1. Summarize the goals and
objectives achieved in the relationship
2. Discuss the ways for the patient to incorporate the new coping strategies into daily life
3. Review situations that occurred during your time together
4. Exchanging memories, reminiscing, can help validate the experience for both the nurse and the
patient
Goals for the nurse- patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Trust, mutuality, involvement, explorations,
understanding/insight, action
Communication - correct answer ✔✔an on-going, dynamic series of events that involve transmission of
meaning from sender to receiver
Social communication - correct answer ✔✔not goal oriented, equal sharing, needs of both people are
equally important, simultaneous
Therapeutic communication - correct answer ✔✔focused and goal directed, unequal sharing of
information, built on client's needs, dynamic on-going, ever changing, does not occur simultaneously,
time limited
, Referent - correct answer ✔✔stimulus that prompted the thought
Sender/Encoder - correct answer ✔✔originates the message
The message - correct answer ✔✔content of the communication, includes verbal, nonverbal and
symbolic language
The channel - correct answer ✔✔how the message is conveyed, face-to-face, video, test, email,
telephone, voicemail, etc., Non-verbal
Receiver/Decoder - correct answer ✔✔receives the message and translates/decodes it
Feedback - correct answer ✔✔the message the receiver sends to the original communicator to confirm
understanding, this is when clarification might need to happen, this can be verbal, nonverbal, written,
etc
Hildegard Peplau's Theory on Communication - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is a human relationship
between a sick individual and a nurse especially educated to recognize and respond to the need for help.
Psychodynamic nursing id being able to understand one's own behavior to help identify other's
difficulties and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of
experience.
Roles are sets of values and behaviors that are specific to functional positions within social structures
Building a relationship - correct answer ✔✔social vs. therapeutic
Continuous - correct answer ✔✔the nurse client relationship is dynamic and includes the following:
client-centered, rules and boundaries, goal directed, and individualized strategies
Goal-directed - correct answer ✔✔there is an end time to the relationship, goals should be established
by nurse and client, the goals should be client-centered; specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely
Reciprocal - correct answer ✔✔the relationship should be mutual
Verbal - correct answer ✔✔Volume, tone, pronunciation, use or words and phrases
Non verbal - correct answer ✔✔general appearance, dress, grooming, posture, eye contact, facial
expressions, gestures, feedback
Therapeutic use of self - correct answer ✔✔making oneself available or vulnerable for the benefit of the
patient, still client centered, in order to use this technique one must be confident in themself
Techniques that make you more relatable to a patient - correct answer ✔✔empathy, sympathy, respect,
privacy, genuine personality, congruence, confidentiality, pace the interaction
Boundaries - correct answer ✔✔the invisible structures imposed by legal, ethical and professional
standards of nursing that respect the nurse and client rights and protect the functional integrity of the
alliance between nurse and client
NURSING 2230 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST 2026/2027
Health - correct answer ✔✔Dynamic state in which individuals adapt to their internal and external
environments so there is a state of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, and spiritual well-being.
Health Beliefs vs. Health Behaviors - correct answer ✔✔Health beliefs are the patient's personal ideas,
health behaviors are how the patient responds to health situations
Positive health behaviors - correct answer ✔✔activities related to maintaining, attaining or regaining
good health and preventing illness
Negative health behaviors - correct answer ✔✔practices that are actually or potentially harmful to
health
Health Contribution Factors - correct answer ✔✔culture, religion, language barrier, economic status, lack
of exercise, minority, access of food, history, lack of knowledge, genetic and physiological factors, age,
environment, lifestyle
Primary prevention - correct answer ✔✔comes before disease or dysfunction, applied to patients
considered physically and emotionally healthy
Secondary prevention - correct answer ✔✔focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems
or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
Tertiary prevention - correct answer ✔✔when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible and
involves minimizing the effects of long term disease by interventions directed towards prevention
further deterioration and complications
Evidence based practice (EBP) - correct answer ✔✔a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that
integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a clinician's expertise and patient
preference and values in making decisions about patient care
First step of evidence based practice EBP - correct answer ✔✔Cultivate a spirit of inquiry
Second step of EBP PICOT question format - correct answer ✔✔P: patient population of interest (age,
gender, ethnicity, health problem, disease)
I:Intervention of interest (which intervention is worthwhile to use in practice)
C: comparison of interest (what is the usual standard of care or current intervention used now in
practice)
O: Outcome (what result do you wish to achieve or observe as a result of an intervention)
T: Time (what amount of time is needed for an intervention to achieve an outcome
Third step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Search for the most relevant and best evidence
,Fourth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔critically appraise the evidence you gather
Fifth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Integrate all evidence with your clinical expertise and patient
preferences and values
Sixth step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Evaluate the outcomes of practice decisions or changes using
evidence
Seventh step of EBP - correct answer ✔✔Share the outcomes of EBP changes with others
Pre-orientation phase of nurse-patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔no definite right thing to say and
recognize there are specially trained people to help
Orientation phase of nurse patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔1. An atmosphere is established in
which rapport can grow
2. Nurse's role is clear and nurse and patient agree on their specific responsibilities
3. Talk about confidetiality
4. Talk about the termination phase
5. Nurse gets to know how patient communicates and learns best
6. Patient's problems are articulated, discussed, and goals are made
7. IDENTIFY PATIENT GOALS
Working phase of nurse-patient interation - correct answer ✔✔1. Maintain the relationship
2. Gain further data
3. Promote patient's problem solving skills, self-esteem, and language skills
4. Facilitate behavioral changes
5. Evaluate problems and goals and redefine them as needed
6. Encourage and help patient set the goals
Termination phase of nurse-patient interaction - correct answer ✔✔1. Summarize the goals and
objectives achieved in the relationship
2. Discuss the ways for the patient to incorporate the new coping strategies into daily life
3. Review situations that occurred during your time together
4. Exchanging memories, reminiscing, can help validate the experience for both the nurse and the
patient
Goals for the nurse- patient relationship - correct answer ✔✔Trust, mutuality, involvement, explorations,
understanding/insight, action
Communication - correct answer ✔✔an on-going, dynamic series of events that involve transmission of
meaning from sender to receiver
Social communication - correct answer ✔✔not goal oriented, equal sharing, needs of both people are
equally important, simultaneous
Therapeutic communication - correct answer ✔✔focused and goal directed, unequal sharing of
information, built on client's needs, dynamic on-going, ever changing, does not occur simultaneously,
time limited
, Referent - correct answer ✔✔stimulus that prompted the thought
Sender/Encoder - correct answer ✔✔originates the message
The message - correct answer ✔✔content of the communication, includes verbal, nonverbal and
symbolic language
The channel - correct answer ✔✔how the message is conveyed, face-to-face, video, test, email,
telephone, voicemail, etc., Non-verbal
Receiver/Decoder - correct answer ✔✔receives the message and translates/decodes it
Feedback - correct answer ✔✔the message the receiver sends to the original communicator to confirm
understanding, this is when clarification might need to happen, this can be verbal, nonverbal, written,
etc
Hildegard Peplau's Theory on Communication - correct answer ✔✔Nursing is a human relationship
between a sick individual and a nurse especially educated to recognize and respond to the need for help.
Psychodynamic nursing id being able to understand one's own behavior to help identify other's
difficulties and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of
experience.
Roles are sets of values and behaviors that are specific to functional positions within social structures
Building a relationship - correct answer ✔✔social vs. therapeutic
Continuous - correct answer ✔✔the nurse client relationship is dynamic and includes the following:
client-centered, rules and boundaries, goal directed, and individualized strategies
Goal-directed - correct answer ✔✔there is an end time to the relationship, goals should be established
by nurse and client, the goals should be client-centered; specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timely
Reciprocal - correct answer ✔✔the relationship should be mutual
Verbal - correct answer ✔✔Volume, tone, pronunciation, use or words and phrases
Non verbal - correct answer ✔✔general appearance, dress, grooming, posture, eye contact, facial
expressions, gestures, feedback
Therapeutic use of self - correct answer ✔✔making oneself available or vulnerable for the benefit of the
patient, still client centered, in order to use this technique one must be confident in themself
Techniques that make you more relatable to a patient - correct answer ✔✔empathy, sympathy, respect,
privacy, genuine personality, congruence, confidentiality, pace the interaction
Boundaries - correct answer ✔✔the invisible structures imposed by legal, ethical and professional
standards of nursing that respect the nurse and client rights and protect the functional integrity of the
alliance between nurse and client
