BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab
2026 | Final Exam Review |90+ Questions and
Answers Summary |Lockdown Browser |Portage
Learning
,Question 1
Which statement best describes the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A. Anatomy studies diseases, whereas physiology studies medications
B. Anatomy studies microscopic organisms, whereas physiology studies macroscopic organisms
C. Anatomy focuses on body structures, whereas physiology focuses on how those structures
function
D. Anatomy studies cells only, whereas physiology studies organs only
Answer: C. Anatomy focuses on body structures, whereas physiology focuses on how those
structures function.
Anatomy is the study of body structures and their relationships, while physiology examines how
those structures perform their functions.
Question 2
Which level of organization is directly above the cellular level?
A. Chemical
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. Organ system
Answer: B. Tissue
A tissue consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a particular function.
Question 3
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in a human cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
The mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP through aerobic cellular respiration.
,Question 4
Which structure controls what substances enter and leave a cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Cytoskeleton
D. Nucleolus
Answer: B. Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates movement of substances into and
out of the cell.
Question 5
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
A. Filtration
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: C. Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward the area
with the higher effective solute concentration.
Question 6
Which transport mechanism requires cellular energy in the form of ATP?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: D. Active transport
Active transport requires energy because substances are moved against their concentration or
electrochemical gradient.
, Question 7
Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities?
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: C. Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings and also performs functions such as secretion and
absorption.
Question 8
Which epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Transitional epithelium
Answer: A. Simple squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single thin layer of cells, making it well suited for
diffusion and filtration.
Question 9
Which type of connective tissue primarily stores energy and provides insulation?
A. Cartilage
B. Adipose tissue
C. Dense regular connective tissue
D. Blood
Answer: B. Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, provides insulation, and cushions certain organs.
2026 | Final Exam Review |90+ Questions and
Answers Summary |Lockdown Browser |Portage
Learning
,Question 1
Which statement best describes the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A. Anatomy studies diseases, whereas physiology studies medications
B. Anatomy studies microscopic organisms, whereas physiology studies macroscopic organisms
C. Anatomy focuses on body structures, whereas physiology focuses on how those structures
function
D. Anatomy studies cells only, whereas physiology studies organs only
Answer: C. Anatomy focuses on body structures, whereas physiology focuses on how those
structures function.
Anatomy is the study of body structures and their relationships, while physiology examines how
those structures perform their functions.
Question 2
Which level of organization is directly above the cellular level?
A. Chemical
B. Tissue
C. Organ
D. Organ system
Answer: B. Tissue
A tissue consists of groups of similar cells working together to perform a particular function.
Question 3
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in a human cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
The mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP through aerobic cellular respiration.
,Question 4
Which structure controls what substances enter and leave a cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Plasma membrane
C. Cytoskeleton
D. Nucleolus
Answer: B. Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable and regulates movement of substances into and
out of the cell.
Question 5
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
A. Filtration
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: C. Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward the area
with the higher effective solute concentration.
Question 6
Which transport mechanism requires cellular energy in the form of ATP?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: D. Active transport
Active transport requires energy because substances are moved against their concentration or
electrochemical gradient.
, Question 7
Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities?
A. Connective tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: C. Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings and also performs functions such as secretion and
absorption.
Question 8
Which epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Stratified squamous epithelium
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Transitional epithelium
Answer: A. Simple squamous epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single thin layer of cells, making it well suited for
diffusion and filtration.
Question 9
Which type of connective tissue primarily stores energy and provides insulation?
A. Cartilage
B. Adipose tissue
C. Dense regular connective tissue
D. Blood
Answer: B. Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, provides insulation, and cushions certain organs.
