BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PRACTICE TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is mRna and what is used for? - ANSWER-Copies the DNA code so that it can
leave the nucleus; takes the code to the rRNA site
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine are what? - ANSWER-The 4 nitrogen bases
in DNA
What are the 4 nitrogen base pairs for RNA ? - ANSWER-A-U & C-G
rRna, forms the complex at the ribosome the serves as the site where proteins are
made. True or False - ANSWER-True
An allele is a variation of a gene? True or False - ANSWER-True
Bb = genotype of heterozygous individual & the phenotype would be black hair
results from results from what dominate hair type and recessive? - ANSWER-Black
hair is dominant & yellow is recessive
Describe & provide and example of a polygenic inheritance? - ANSWER-Polygenic
inheritance is controlled by more than 1 gene. Offspring will be an intermediate
between the parents, most likely average for the characteristic. Ex: human height,
weight, & eye color.
What are the difference between sex chromosomes & autosomes? - ANSWER-Sex
chromosomes are Pair #23 in humans. Pairs #1-22 are the autosomal
chromosomes. Most traits are carried by the autosomal and the male/female
determination by the sex chromosome.
Describe the theory of Evolution - ANSWER-Evolution is the change in the gene
frequencies of a population over time.
New alleles that enter a population through genetic mutation arise what? -
ANSWER-New adaptations
Describe convergent evolution - ANSWER-Convergent evolution: The process by
which unrelated species come to resemble one another due to adaptations to
similar environments
Natural Selection is the process by which organisms who are better adapted for an
environment are more likely to survive & reproduce. True or False - ANSWER-True
, Describe the likeness between species on the mainland of South America & the
Galapagos Island? Who explained these differences? - ANSWER-Charles Darwin
hypothesized that the species on the Galapagos Islands were descendants of
species that colonized the islands from the mainland. The current species had
descended over time & adapted to the island environment, so they showed
differences but still resembled the ancestors.
Divergent Evolution is the process by which one species descent from a common
ancestor with changes over time. True or False - ANSWER-False - several descents
Phosphate, sugar, & nitrogenous base are the 3 parts of what, describe sugar's role
in DNA and RNA, what parts are the backbone? - ANSWER-3 parts of Nucleotide
DNA - sugar is deoxyribose
RNA- sugar is ribose
Backbone - is phosphate molecule & sugar
Describe tRNA and what is it used for? - ANSWER-tRNA brings the free amino acids
to the rRNA site so that a protein chain can be made.
It is the study of how organisms interact with each other & their environment. -
ANSWER-What is Ecology
Ecology is organized in 6 levels what are they & what do they describe? - ANSWER-
Species Level - individuals
Population Level - organisms of the same species that interact with one another
Community Level - all the living organisms (biotic factors) in an environment -
includes animals, plants, bacteria, fugi
Ecosystem Level - All the living (biotic) AND nonliving (abiotic) factors in an
environment & their interactions
Biome Level - Large areas/environments that share similar climate & ecosystem
factors
Biosphere Level - the area on earth where life exists: includes air, land & water
Example species & what speciation is? - ANSWER-A species is a group of organisms
that interact & breed to produce fertile offsprings
Describe mRNA translations, including it purpose, what it starts with & what is
formed - ANSWER-The mRNA is read by the rRNA/ribosome site & used to build an
amino acid chain. tRNA moledules bring the free amino acids to the site & match
them up to the codons on the mRNA
Agents/substances that causes changes to the DNA sequence (or chemical
structure/nature of that sequence)is what? Give 2 examples - ANSWER-What are
mutagens
x-rays
radiation
What are the base pairs for DNA - ANSWER-A-U and C-G
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is mRna and what is used for? - ANSWER-Copies the DNA code so that it can
leave the nucleus; takes the code to the rRNA site
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine are what? - ANSWER-The 4 nitrogen bases
in DNA
What are the 4 nitrogen base pairs for RNA ? - ANSWER-A-U & C-G
rRna, forms the complex at the ribosome the serves as the site where proteins are
made. True or False - ANSWER-True
An allele is a variation of a gene? True or False - ANSWER-True
Bb = genotype of heterozygous individual & the phenotype would be black hair
results from results from what dominate hair type and recessive? - ANSWER-Black
hair is dominant & yellow is recessive
Describe & provide and example of a polygenic inheritance? - ANSWER-Polygenic
inheritance is controlled by more than 1 gene. Offspring will be an intermediate
between the parents, most likely average for the characteristic. Ex: human height,
weight, & eye color.
What are the difference between sex chromosomes & autosomes? - ANSWER-Sex
chromosomes are Pair #23 in humans. Pairs #1-22 are the autosomal
chromosomes. Most traits are carried by the autosomal and the male/female
determination by the sex chromosome.
Describe the theory of Evolution - ANSWER-Evolution is the change in the gene
frequencies of a population over time.
New alleles that enter a population through genetic mutation arise what? -
ANSWER-New adaptations
Describe convergent evolution - ANSWER-Convergent evolution: The process by
which unrelated species come to resemble one another due to adaptations to
similar environments
Natural Selection is the process by which organisms who are better adapted for an
environment are more likely to survive & reproduce. True or False - ANSWER-True
, Describe the likeness between species on the mainland of South America & the
Galapagos Island? Who explained these differences? - ANSWER-Charles Darwin
hypothesized that the species on the Galapagos Islands were descendants of
species that colonized the islands from the mainland. The current species had
descended over time & adapted to the island environment, so they showed
differences but still resembled the ancestors.
Divergent Evolution is the process by which one species descent from a common
ancestor with changes over time. True or False - ANSWER-False - several descents
Phosphate, sugar, & nitrogenous base are the 3 parts of what, describe sugar's role
in DNA and RNA, what parts are the backbone? - ANSWER-3 parts of Nucleotide
DNA - sugar is deoxyribose
RNA- sugar is ribose
Backbone - is phosphate molecule & sugar
Describe tRNA and what is it used for? - ANSWER-tRNA brings the free amino acids
to the rRNA site so that a protein chain can be made.
It is the study of how organisms interact with each other & their environment. -
ANSWER-What is Ecology
Ecology is organized in 6 levels what are they & what do they describe? - ANSWER-
Species Level - individuals
Population Level - organisms of the same species that interact with one another
Community Level - all the living organisms (biotic factors) in an environment -
includes animals, plants, bacteria, fugi
Ecosystem Level - All the living (biotic) AND nonliving (abiotic) factors in an
environment & their interactions
Biome Level - Large areas/environments that share similar climate & ecosystem
factors
Biosphere Level - the area on earth where life exists: includes air, land & water
Example species & what speciation is? - ANSWER-A species is a group of organisms
that interact & breed to produce fertile offsprings
Describe mRNA translations, including it purpose, what it starts with & what is
formed - ANSWER-The mRNA is read by the rRNA/ribosome site & used to build an
amino acid chain. tRNA moledules bring the free amino acids to the site & match
them up to the codons on the mRNA
Agents/substances that causes changes to the DNA sequence (or chemical
structure/nature of that sequence)is what? Give 2 examples - ANSWER-What are
mutagens
x-rays
radiation
What are the base pairs for DNA - ANSWER-A-U and C-G
