WGU BioChem OA Review with
Complete and Verified Solutions
Males and Females are equally affected ✔✔Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. ✔✔Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers. ✔✔What is needed
for Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating ✔✔What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)?
Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) ✔✔What is the first step of a Polymerase Chain
Reaction?
Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA that you want to copy and ADD
DNA Polymerase ✔✔What is Annealing?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to build a new
DNA strand. ✔✔What is elongating?
,Ligase ✔✔What is NOT involved in PCR?
It is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules by removing the base that is
damaged and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts
the right one back #3 DNA Ligase seals it. ✔✔What is base excision repair (BER)?
DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back,
DNA ligase seals it back up. ✔✔What are the 3 steps in base excision repair?
1 ✔✔How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove?
Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE
PROOFREADING ✔✔What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from
the DNA so that DNA polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage)
Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase
fixes it. This happens during replication and MMR removes a large section of the nucleotide from
the DNA and DNA Polymerase tries again. ✔✔What repairs a base mismatch?
When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and matches them to the parental sequences
to ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to
DNA to make RNA ✔✔What is DNA Transcription?
, CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and repairs it. A large section of nucleotides
are removed, including the damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It is then replaced by
DNA polymerase. ✔✔What is NecleoTIDE repair
It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by copying another strand of DNA and replacing it
completely. ✔✔What is Homologous Recombination?
Another last effort to repair a double strand break by putting the ends back together before making
sure they are correctly copied. This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations).
✔✔What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion?
It must bind to RNA primer ✔✔What does DNA Polymerase bind to in order to make RNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA take the individual nucleotide and match them to the PARENTAL
sequences to ensure a correct pair.
introns (non-coding region) are removed and exons (coding region) joined to form a contiguous
coding sequence. ✔✔What happens during RNA splicing to generate a mature RNA molecule?
The ability to turn genes on and off ✔✔What is Gene Expression?
Complete and Verified Solutions
Males and Females are equally affected ✔✔Autosomal
The process of copying DNA in the lab. ✔✔Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers. ✔✔What is needed
for Polymerase Chain Reaction?
Denaturing, Annealing, Elongating ✔✔What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR)?
Denaturing (DNA is heated up to separate it) ✔✔What is the first step of a Polymerase Chain
Reaction?
Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA that you want to copy and ADD
DNA Polymerase ✔✔What is Annealing?
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to build a new
DNA strand. ✔✔What is elongating?
,Ligase ✔✔What is NOT involved in PCR?
It is used to repair damage to bases caused by harmful molecules by removing the base that is
damaged and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts
the right one back #3 DNA Ligase seals it. ✔✔What is base excision repair (BER)?
DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back,
DNA ligase seals it back up. ✔✔What are the 3 steps in base excision repair?
1 ✔✔How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove?
Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE
PROOFREADING ✔✔What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from
the DNA so that DNA polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage)
Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase
fixes it. This happens during replication and MMR removes a large section of the nucleotide from
the DNA and DNA Polymerase tries again. ✔✔What repairs a base mismatch?
When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and matches them to the parental sequences
to ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to
DNA to make RNA ✔✔What is DNA Transcription?
, CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and repairs it. A large section of nucleotides
are removed, including the damaged portion, along with a few on each side. It is then replaced by
DNA polymerase. ✔✔What is NecleoTIDE repair
It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by copying another strand of DNA and replacing it
completely. ✔✔What is Homologous Recombination?
Another last effort to repair a double strand break by putting the ends back together before making
sure they are correctly copied. This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations).
✔✔What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion?
It must bind to RNA primer ✔✔What does DNA Polymerase bind to in order to make RNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA take the individual nucleotide and match them to the PARENTAL
sequences to ensure a correct pair.
introns (non-coding region) are removed and exons (coding region) joined to form a contiguous
coding sequence. ✔✔What happens during RNA splicing to generate a mature RNA molecule?
The ability to turn genes on and off ✔✔What is Gene Expression?
