CVS PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL EXAMS 2026 (2
DIFFERENT VERSIONS) | CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY EXAM || MOST RECENT
EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST RELEASED!!
A patient develops a persistent dry cough after starting lisinopril.
Which mechanism best explains this adverse effect?
A. Increased aldosterone secretion
B. Accumulation of bradykinin
C. Blockade of beta-1 receptors
D. Increased sodium reabsorption
Answer: B. Accumulation of bradykinin
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril decrease the breakdown of
bradykinin. Accumulation of bradykinin contributes to the
characteristic persistent dry cough and can also contribute to
angioedema. The cough generally resolves after discontinuation and
substitution with an appropriate alternative such as an ARB.
Which antihypertensive drug class is most strongly associated with
hyperkalemia?
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Thiazide diuretics
,C. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
D. Loop diuretics
Answer: A. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II and consequently
decrease aldosterone secretion. Reduced aldosterone decreases
potassium excretion, potentially producing hyperkalemia. The risk is
greater in patients with renal impairment or when ACE inhibitors are
combined with other potassium-retaining drugs.
A patient with hypertension has a history of recurrent gout. Which
medication should generally be used cautiously because it can increase
uric acid levels?
A. Amlodipine
B. Losartan
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril
Answer: C. Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can decrease renal uric acid excretion and
raise serum uric acid concentrations. This may precipitate or worsen
gout. Losartan is unusual among ARBs because it may have a uricosuric
effect.
Which drug directly blocks the angiotensin II AT1 receptor?
,A. Enalapril
B. Losartan
C. Aliskiren
D. Captopril
Answer: B. Losartan
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that
selectively antagonizes AT1 receptors. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs do
not directly inhibit bradykinin breakdown and therefore have a much
lower incidence of cough.
Which adverse effect is most characteristic of amlodipine?
A. Severe hypoglycemia
B. Peripheral edema
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: B. Peripheral edema
Rationale: Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
that produces predominantly peripheral arterial vasodilation. Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure can result in peripheral edema,
particularly at higher doses.
Which antihypertensive medication is a central alpha-2 adrenergic
agonist?
, A. Clonidine
B. Prazosin
C. Hydralazine
D. Verapamil
Answer: A. Clonidine
Rationale: Clonidine stimulates central alpha-2 receptors, reducing
sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and thereby
decreasing blood pressure. Abrupt withdrawal can cause significant
rebound hypertension.
Which antihypertensive drug is particularly associated with reflex
tachycardia and a lupus-like syndrome?
A. Hydralazine
B. Losartan
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Atenolol
Answer: A. Hydralazine
Rationale: Hydralazine is a direct arteriolar vasodilator. Arteriolar
dilation can trigger reflex sympathetic activation and tachycardia.
Prolonged use, especially at higher doses, can cause a drug-induced
lupus-like syndrome.
A patient taking propranolol has asthma. Why is this medication
concerning?
DIFFERENT VERSIONS) | CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM PHARMACOLOGY EXAM || MOST RECENT
EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST RELEASED!!
A patient develops a persistent dry cough after starting lisinopril.
Which mechanism best explains this adverse effect?
A. Increased aldosterone secretion
B. Accumulation of bradykinin
C. Blockade of beta-1 receptors
D. Increased sodium reabsorption
Answer: B. Accumulation of bradykinin
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril decrease the breakdown of
bradykinin. Accumulation of bradykinin contributes to the
characteristic persistent dry cough and can also contribute to
angioedema. The cough generally resolves after discontinuation and
substitution with an appropriate alternative such as an ARB.
Which antihypertensive drug class is most strongly associated with
hyperkalemia?
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Thiazide diuretics
,C. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
D. Loop diuretics
Answer: A. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II and consequently
decrease aldosterone secretion. Reduced aldosterone decreases
potassium excretion, potentially producing hyperkalemia. The risk is
greater in patients with renal impairment or when ACE inhibitors are
combined with other potassium-retaining drugs.
A patient with hypertension has a history of recurrent gout. Which
medication should generally be used cautiously because it can increase
uric acid levels?
A. Amlodipine
B. Losartan
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Lisinopril
Answer: C. Hydrochlorothiazide
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics can decrease renal uric acid excretion and
raise serum uric acid concentrations. This may precipitate or worsen
gout. Losartan is unusual among ARBs because it may have a uricosuric
effect.
Which drug directly blocks the angiotensin II AT1 receptor?
,A. Enalapril
B. Losartan
C. Aliskiren
D. Captopril
Answer: B. Losartan
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that
selectively antagonizes AT1 receptors. Unlike ACE inhibitors, ARBs do
not directly inhibit bradykinin breakdown and therefore have a much
lower incidence of cough.
Which adverse effect is most characteristic of amlodipine?
A. Severe hypoglycemia
B. Peripheral edema
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Answer: B. Peripheral edema
Rationale: Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
that produces predominantly peripheral arterial vasodilation. Increased
capillary hydrostatic pressure can result in peripheral edema,
particularly at higher doses.
Which antihypertensive medication is a central alpha-2 adrenergic
agonist?
, A. Clonidine
B. Prazosin
C. Hydralazine
D. Verapamil
Answer: A. Clonidine
Rationale: Clonidine stimulates central alpha-2 receptors, reducing
sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and thereby
decreasing blood pressure. Abrupt withdrawal can cause significant
rebound hypertension.
Which antihypertensive drug is particularly associated with reflex
tachycardia and a lupus-like syndrome?
A. Hydralazine
B. Losartan
C. Hydrochlorothiazide
D. Atenolol
Answer: A. Hydralazine
Rationale: Hydralazine is a direct arteriolar vasodilator. Arteriolar
dilation can trigger reflex sympathetic activation and tachycardia.
Prolonged use, especially at higher doses, can cause a drug-induced
lupus-like syndrome.
A patient taking propranolol has asthma. Why is this medication
concerning?
