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A rescuer approaches an adult who is lying motionless. What should
the rescuer do first?
A. Immediately begin abdominal thrusts
B. Check the person's blood pressure
C. Verify scene safety and assess responsiveness
D. Give two rescue breaths
Answer: C. Verify scene safety and assess responsiveness
Rationale: Rescuer safety comes first. After confirming that the scene is
safe, the rescuer should assess responsiveness and activate the
emergency response system as appropriate.
An adult is unresponsive and only gasping. How should a lay rescuer
interpret this finding?
A. The person is sleeping
B. The person is experiencing normal breathing
C. The person should be placed in the recovery position
D. The person should be presumed to be in cardiac arrest
Answer: D. The person should be presumed to be in cardiac arrest
,Rationale: Gasping or agonal respirations are not normal breathing.
Current AHA guidance states that an unresponsive adult with absent
or abnormal breathing, including gasping, should be presumed to be in
cardiac arrest by a lay rescuer.
For a healthcare professional assessing an unresponsive adult, how long
should the pulse check take at most?
A. 5 seconds
B. 10 seconds
C. 20 seconds
D. 30 seconds
Answer: B. 10 seconds
Rationale: A healthcare professional should simultaneously assess
breathing and a pulse and determine whether a definite pulse is present
within no more than 10 seconds. If no definite pulse is felt, CPR should
be initiated.
Which sequence is represented by CAB in adult CPR?
A. Circulation, airway, breathing
B. Circulation, airway, blood pressure
C. Compressions, airway, blood pressure
D. Cardiac assessment, breathing, circulation
Answer: A. Circulation, airway, breathing
,Rationale: CAB emphasizes beginning with chest compressions rather
than delaying circulation while attempting to establish the airway and
provide breaths.
What is the recommended adult chest-compression rate during CPR?
A. 60–80 compressions per minute
B. 80–90 compressions per minute
C. 100–120 compressions per minute
D. 130–150 compressions per minute
Answer: C. 100–120 compressions per minute
Rationale: High-quality adult CPR requires a chest-compression rate
of approximately 100–120 compressions per minute. Maintaining this
rate helps provide effective forward blood flow without unnecessarily
reducing compression quality.
Where should the rescuer place the hands for adult chest
compressions?
A. Over the upper sternum
B. Over the lower half of the sternum
C. Directly over the xiphoid process
D. Over the left side of the chest
Answer: B. Over the lower half of the sternum
, Rationale: Chest compressions should be delivered on the lower half of
the sternum. Proper hand positioning helps maximize effective cardiac
compression while reducing the risk of inappropriate pressure over
surrounding structures.
Which technique best promotes effective adult chest compressions?
A. Compressing slowly and pausing frequently
B. Allowing complete chest recoil after each compression
C. Keeping constant pressure on the chest between compressions
D. Compressing primarily with the fingers
Answer: B. Allowing complete chest recoil after each compression
Rationale: Complete chest recoil allows the heart to refill between
compressions. Incomplete recoil reduces venous return and can
decrease the effectiveness of CPR.
What is the recommended compression depth for an average adult?
A. At least 1 inch
B. At least 1.5 inches
C. At least 2 inches, while avoiding excessive depth
D. Approximately 3.5 inches
Answer: C. At least 2 inches, while avoiding excessive depth