BIOD 151 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 2025–2026 – Respiratory System & Gas Exchange: Portage Learning A&P I Module 2 Full Exam with Explanations

This Portage Learning BIOD 151 Anatomy and Physiology I Module 2 exam guide provides the full respiratory system exam with verified questions, answers, and explanations for the 2025–2026 academic year. Content includes the number of lobes in the right and left human lung, air passage through the nasopharynx versus the oropharynx and esophagus, sites of gas exchange including pulmonary alveoli and respiratory bronchioles, anatomical labeling of the upper airway including the nasal cavity, soft palate and uvula, glottis, trachea, and tongue, the epiglottis during swallowing and prevention of aspiration, surfactant production in premature infants and respiratory distress, negative pressure breathing, diaphragm contraction and rib cage movement during inhalation, Boyle's law and the inverse relationship between gas volume and pressure, paired and unpaired tracheal cartilages including thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and epiglottal, pleural membranes including parietal and visceral pleura and the pleural cavity, respiratory volumes and capacities including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, and functional residual capacity, pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the respiratory tract, inhalation and exhalation mechanics including diaphragm rise, fossae versus pleural cavities, bronchioles and surrounding capillaries, matching conditions including pleurisy, pulmonary edema, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis, partial pressure calculations using Dalton's law, the benefit of warming air for gas exchange, incomplete ventilation and temperature maintenance, the bronchial tree from widest to narrowest including primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi and bronchioles, external respiration gas exchange direction for oxygen and carbon dioxide, alveolar macrophage immune function, and pulmonary function in neuromuscular disease such as muscular dystrophy with decreased inspiratory capacity and vital capacity.