AP Biology Full Course Review – Comprehensive AP
Bio Exam Questions & 100% Verified Answers |
Complete Exam Prep
2026–2027
,What is Unit 1 of AP BIO? Chemistry of Life
What helps determine the properties of a molecule? The subcomponents of biological molecules determine the properties of that
molecule
The smaller parts (or building blocks) that make up a biological molecule directly
influence how that molecule behaves and what it does in the body
Water is composed of two main elements. What are they? Oxygen and hydrogen
What is the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in water? 1:2 ratio
covalent bond term used to describe the bond type in which atoms share electrons
What is the result of oxygen being more electronegative results in an unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen
compared to hydrogen?
Polarity refers to the uneven distribution of electrical charge in a molecule. It happens when
one part of a molecule is more negatively charged and another part is more
positively charged.
covalent bonding can result in polarity when there are differences in atomic
electronegative
Polarity is the result of what? result of electronegative
Hydrogen bond A hydrogen bond is a weak bond interaction between the negative and positive
regions of two separate molecules
Water forming hydrogen bonds: Water can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules or with other charged
molecules
Cohesion when you have two of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
(does not always have to be hydrogen bonds though)
,Adhesion when you have two different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
How/why do living systems depend upon properties of - the hydrogen bonds between water molecules can result in surface tension
water?
- cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension allows for water to demonstrate
additional chemical behaviors known as emergent properties
- life depends upon these properties of water
Surface tension surface tension is a result of increased hydrogen bonding forces between water
molecules at the surface
How does water's adhesive property help living systems? water's adhesive property gives water a high solvency ability in its liquid state
Water's adhesive property helps it:
Stick to substances like cell walls, vessels, and membranes.
This lets it carry dissolved substances along those surfaces — think blood vessels
or plant xylem.
Because of this:
Water can transport nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste throughout organisms.
Cells can use water as a medium for chemical reactions, since it dissolves so many
substances.
Water helps regulate temperature and pH through those dissolved materials
How does water's cohesive property help living systems? water's cohesive property allows it to absorb a lot of thermal energy before
changing chemical states, resisting sudden changes in temperature (organisms
maintaining body temperature regulations)
Do living systems require a constant input of energy? YES
Law of conservation law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed--
only transformed
Do living systems have to follow the laws of energy? YES
Living organisms need a constant input of energy to grow, reproduce, and maintain
organization
What energy do living systems mainly use? Living systems mainly use the energy stored in chemical bonds
What is the only way we can get certain atoms and Living systems require an exchange of matter
molecules necessary for life?
The only way that we can get certain atoms and molecules necessary for life is
through accessing them in the environment
, What is used to build biological molecules such as Carbon
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids?
What is nitrogen used to build? proteins and nucleic acids
What is phosphorus used to build? nucleic acids and certain lipids
YES Carbon: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids
YES Nitrogen: proteins and nucleic acids
YES Phosphorus: nucleic acids and some lipids
Carbon skeletons allow for what? The creation of very large and complex molecules
Monomers - monomers have very important chemical properties
- monomers are chemical subunits used to create polymers
Polymers Polymer is a macromolecule made of many monomers
Bio Exam Questions & 100% Verified Answers |
Complete Exam Prep
2026–2027
,What is Unit 1 of AP BIO? Chemistry of Life
What helps determine the properties of a molecule? The subcomponents of biological molecules determine the properties of that
molecule
The smaller parts (or building blocks) that make up a biological molecule directly
influence how that molecule behaves and what it does in the body
Water is composed of two main elements. What are they? Oxygen and hydrogen
What is the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in water? 1:2 ratio
covalent bond term used to describe the bond type in which atoms share electrons
What is the result of oxygen being more electronegative results in an unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen
compared to hydrogen?
Polarity refers to the uneven distribution of electrical charge in a molecule. It happens when
one part of a molecule is more negatively charged and another part is more
positively charged.
covalent bonding can result in polarity when there are differences in atomic
electronegative
Polarity is the result of what? result of electronegative
Hydrogen bond A hydrogen bond is a weak bond interaction between the negative and positive
regions of two separate molecules
Water forming hydrogen bonds: Water can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules or with other charged
molecules
Cohesion when you have two of the same molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
(does not always have to be hydrogen bonds though)
,Adhesion when you have two different molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
How/why do living systems depend upon properties of - the hydrogen bonds between water molecules can result in surface tension
water?
- cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension allows for water to demonstrate
additional chemical behaviors known as emergent properties
- life depends upon these properties of water
Surface tension surface tension is a result of increased hydrogen bonding forces between water
molecules at the surface
How does water's adhesive property help living systems? water's adhesive property gives water a high solvency ability in its liquid state
Water's adhesive property helps it:
Stick to substances like cell walls, vessels, and membranes.
This lets it carry dissolved substances along those surfaces — think blood vessels
or plant xylem.
Because of this:
Water can transport nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste throughout organisms.
Cells can use water as a medium for chemical reactions, since it dissolves so many
substances.
Water helps regulate temperature and pH through those dissolved materials
How does water's cohesive property help living systems? water's cohesive property allows it to absorb a lot of thermal energy before
changing chemical states, resisting sudden changes in temperature (organisms
maintaining body temperature regulations)
Do living systems require a constant input of energy? YES
Law of conservation law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed--
only transformed
Do living systems have to follow the laws of energy? YES
Living organisms need a constant input of energy to grow, reproduce, and maintain
organization
What energy do living systems mainly use? Living systems mainly use the energy stored in chemical bonds
What is the only way we can get certain atoms and Living systems require an exchange of matter
molecules necessary for life?
The only way that we can get certain atoms and molecules necessary for life is
through accessing them in the environment
, What is used to build biological molecules such as Carbon
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids?
What is nitrogen used to build? proteins and nucleic acids
What is phosphorus used to build? nucleic acids and certain lipids
YES Carbon: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids
YES Nitrogen: proteins and nucleic acids
YES Phosphorus: nucleic acids and some lipids
Carbon skeletons allow for what? The creation of very large and complex molecules
Monomers - monomers have very important chemical properties
- monomers are chemical subunits used to create polymers
Polymers Polymer is a macromolecule made of many monomers
