Adult 2 Exam #1 Question with verified answers
what three things are needed for production of erythrocytes? - √√iron, vitamin
B12, and folic acid
what is the best drink to take iron with? - √√orange juice
what is the best source of iron? - √√red meat and fortified grains
what is the best source of B12? - √√animal sources (dairy, eggs, etc)
what is a good source of folic acid? - √√leafy green veggies
what is one of the first indicators of low platelets? - √√petechiae
what does the spleen do in reference to the blood? - √√stores platelets and filters
antigens; without it, infection is a bigger risk
what is the primary organ for most clotting factors? - √√the liver
what does a D-dimer test tell you? - √√that you have a clot somewhere in the
body
what are reticulocytes? - √√immature RBCs that are typically only about 2% of
RBCs in circulation; it is good for it to be increased after anemia or hemorrhage,
but if it is elevated without a precipitating event, it may indicate cancer or
something like that
,after a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy, what should you do? - √√apply external
pressure to the site using pressure dressings or sand bags
what is pernicious anemia? - √√loss of intrinsic factor from the parietal cells in the
gut causing the body to not be able to absorb vitamin B 12 which causes low RBCs
what is iron deficiency anemia? - √√low iron intake, or impaired absorption due to
chronic alcoholism, IBD, or a partial gastrectomy causes low RBCs
what are S&S of anemia? - √√pallor, fatigue, cold intolerance, brittle concave
nails, continuous rapid HR, murmurs & gallops after a long time, orthostatic
hypotension, cool extremities
what is megaloblastic anemia? - √√Large immature red blood cells caused by
impaired DNA synthesis, often caused by B12 and folic acid deficiency,
hemoglobin content is normal
what is sickle cell disease (SCD)? - √√autosomal recessive disorder where
abnormal hemoglobin causes RBCs to sickle causing capillaries to plug up and
infarctions to occur; must have two abnormal genes to have the disorder
what are situations that lead to more sickling of RBCs in sickle cell disease? -
√√dehydration, hypoxia, infections, acidosis, vascular stasis, anesthesia, strenuous
exercise, decreased environmental or body temperature
what are the medications of choice for a sickle cell patient in a pain crisis? -
√√morphine and dilaudid (NOT every 6-8 hours, more like every 2-4)
, how do you prevent infection in patients with sickle cell disease? - √√-
prophylactic ABX during a crisis
- annual flu vaccine!
how do you prevent MODS in a sickle cell patient in a crisis? - √√oxygen therapy,
at least 200mL/hr of oral or parenteral fluids
how do you diagnose sickle cell disease? - √√Hemoglobin S electrophoresis
what is a red flag that may indicate leukemia? - √√WBCs of 50,000 or more
what is the most common form of leukemia in adults? - √√acute myelogenous
leukemia; best way to treat is a bone marrow transplant
what two things confirm chronic myelogenous leukemia? - √√Philadelphia
chromosome and increased leukocytes
what are S&S of leukemia? - √√increased HR, decreased BP, increased capillary fill
time, increased RR, abnormal breath sounds, SOB, cough, cool to the touch,
pallor, petechiae (esp on lower extremities unrelated to trauma), bleeding gums,
oral cavity sores, occult blood in the stool, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged
lymph nodes/masses, bone/joint tenderness
what are lab findings seen in patients with leukemia? - √√low H&H, low platelets,
altered WBCs (typically super elevated above 50k), marrow full of blast cells,
clotting times abnormal
what three things are needed for production of erythrocytes? - √√iron, vitamin
B12, and folic acid
what is the best drink to take iron with? - √√orange juice
what is the best source of iron? - √√red meat and fortified grains
what is the best source of B12? - √√animal sources (dairy, eggs, etc)
what is a good source of folic acid? - √√leafy green veggies
what is one of the first indicators of low platelets? - √√petechiae
what does the spleen do in reference to the blood? - √√stores platelets and filters
antigens; without it, infection is a bigger risk
what is the primary organ for most clotting factors? - √√the liver
what does a D-dimer test tell you? - √√that you have a clot somewhere in the
body
what are reticulocytes? - √√immature RBCs that are typically only about 2% of
RBCs in circulation; it is good for it to be increased after anemia or hemorrhage,
but if it is elevated without a precipitating event, it may indicate cancer or
something like that
,after a bone marrow aspiration/biopsy, what should you do? - √√apply external
pressure to the site using pressure dressings or sand bags
what is pernicious anemia? - √√loss of intrinsic factor from the parietal cells in the
gut causing the body to not be able to absorb vitamin B 12 which causes low RBCs
what is iron deficiency anemia? - √√low iron intake, or impaired absorption due to
chronic alcoholism, IBD, or a partial gastrectomy causes low RBCs
what are S&S of anemia? - √√pallor, fatigue, cold intolerance, brittle concave
nails, continuous rapid HR, murmurs & gallops after a long time, orthostatic
hypotension, cool extremities
what is megaloblastic anemia? - √√Large immature red blood cells caused by
impaired DNA synthesis, often caused by B12 and folic acid deficiency,
hemoglobin content is normal
what is sickle cell disease (SCD)? - √√autosomal recessive disorder where
abnormal hemoglobin causes RBCs to sickle causing capillaries to plug up and
infarctions to occur; must have two abnormal genes to have the disorder
what are situations that lead to more sickling of RBCs in sickle cell disease? -
√√dehydration, hypoxia, infections, acidosis, vascular stasis, anesthesia, strenuous
exercise, decreased environmental or body temperature
what are the medications of choice for a sickle cell patient in a pain crisis? -
√√morphine and dilaudid (NOT every 6-8 hours, more like every 2-4)
, how do you prevent infection in patients with sickle cell disease? - √√-
prophylactic ABX during a crisis
- annual flu vaccine!
how do you prevent MODS in a sickle cell patient in a crisis? - √√oxygen therapy,
at least 200mL/hr of oral or parenteral fluids
how do you diagnose sickle cell disease? - √√Hemoglobin S electrophoresis
what is a red flag that may indicate leukemia? - √√WBCs of 50,000 or more
what is the most common form of leukemia in adults? - √√acute myelogenous
leukemia; best way to treat is a bone marrow transplant
what two things confirm chronic myelogenous leukemia? - √√Philadelphia
chromosome and increased leukocytes
what are S&S of leukemia? - √√increased HR, decreased BP, increased capillary fill
time, increased RR, abnormal breath sounds, SOB, cough, cool to the touch,
pallor, petechiae (esp on lower extremities unrelated to trauma), bleeding gums,
oral cavity sores, occult blood in the stool, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged
lymph nodes/masses, bone/joint tenderness
what are lab findings seen in patients with leukemia? - √√low H&H, low platelets,
altered WBCs (typically super elevated above 50k), marrow full of blast cells,
clotting times abnormal
