1
NU 518 MODULE 8 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY III - Questions 1-8
Q1: Ranolazine Mechanism
The student is reviewing antianginal medications. What is the mechanism of action of ranolazine?
A. Inhibits the late inward sodium current in cardiac myocytes
B. Blocks beta-1 receptors
C. Blocks L-type calcium channels
D. Inhibits the If current in the sinoatrial node
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ranolazine inhibits the late inward sodium current in ventricular myocytes, reducing
intracellular calcium overload and improving angina symptoms. It does not significantly affect heart
rate or blood pressure. It is used for chronic stable angina. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Hydralazine/Isosorbide Dinitrate Use
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. In which patient population is
hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate particularly effective?
A. African American patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
B. Asian patients with hypertension
C. Caucasian patients with atrial fibrillation
D. Hispanic patients with diabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate has been shown to improve
survival in African American patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. It is also used
in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or ARBs. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Aliskiren Mechanism
The student is reviewing antihypertensive medications. What is the mechanism of action of
aliskiren?
, 2
A. Direct renin inhibitor
B. ACE inhibitor
C. Angiotensin II receptor blocker
D. Calcium channel blocker
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor that reduces angiotensin I and II production. It is used
for hypertension but is contraindicated in pregnancy and should not be combined with ACE
inhibitors or ARBs due to increased risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal impairment. [100%
CORRECT]
Q4: Eplerenone Adverse Effect
The student is reviewing diuretics. Which adverse effect is associated with eplerenone?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist that retains potassium, causing
hyperkalemia. Potassium levels should be monitored, especially in patients with renal impairment or
those taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Apixaban Mechanism
The student is reviewing direct oral anticoagulants. What is the mechanism of action of apixaban?
A. Direct factor Xa inhibitor
B. Direct thrombin inhibitor
C. Vitamin K antagonist
D. Platelet P2Y12 inhibitor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Apixaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor that prevents thrombin generation and clot
formation. It is used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of venous
thromboembolism, and post-orthopedic surgery prophylaxis. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Edoxaban Monitoring
The student is reviewing direct oral anticoagulants. Which laboratory test is used to monitor
edoxaban if needed?
A. Anti-Xa level
B. INR
NU 518 MODULE 8 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY III - Questions 1-8
Q1: Ranolazine Mechanism
The student is reviewing antianginal medications. What is the mechanism of action of ranolazine?
A. Inhibits the late inward sodium current in cardiac myocytes
B. Blocks beta-1 receptors
C. Blocks L-type calcium channels
D. Inhibits the If current in the sinoatrial node
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ranolazine inhibits the late inward sodium current in ventricular myocytes, reducing
intracellular calcium overload and improving angina symptoms. It does not significantly affect heart
rate or blood pressure. It is used for chronic stable angina. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Hydralazine/Isosorbide Dinitrate Use
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. In which patient population is
hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate particularly effective?
A. African American patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
B. Asian patients with hypertension
C. Caucasian patients with atrial fibrillation
D. Hispanic patients with diabetes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate has been shown to improve
survival in African American patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. It is also used
in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or ARBs. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: Aliskiren Mechanism
The student is reviewing antihypertensive medications. What is the mechanism of action of
aliskiren?
, 2
A. Direct renin inhibitor
B. ACE inhibitor
C. Angiotensin II receptor blocker
D. Calcium channel blocker
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor that reduces angiotensin I and II production. It is used
for hypertension but is contraindicated in pregnancy and should not be combined with ACE
inhibitors or ARBs due to increased risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal impairment. [100%
CORRECT]
Q4: Eplerenone Adverse Effect
The student is reviewing diuretics. Which adverse effect is associated with eplerenone?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist that retains potassium, causing
hyperkalemia. Potassium levels should be monitored, especially in patients with renal impairment or
those taking ACE inhibitors or ARBs. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Apixaban Mechanism
The student is reviewing direct oral anticoagulants. What is the mechanism of action of apixaban?
A. Direct factor Xa inhibitor
B. Direct thrombin inhibitor
C. Vitamin K antagonist
D. Platelet P2Y12 inhibitor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Apixaban is a direct factor Xa inhibitor that prevents thrombin generation and clot
formation. It is used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of venous
thromboembolism, and post-orthopedic surgery prophylaxis. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Edoxaban Monitoring
The student is reviewing direct oral anticoagulants. Which laboratory test is used to monitor
edoxaban if needed?
A. Anti-Xa level
B. INR
