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NU 518 MODULE 6 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY II - Questions 1-10
Q1: Ivabradine Mechanism
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. What is the mechanism of action of ivabradine?
A. Inhibits the If current in the sinoatrial node
B. Blocks beta-1 receptors
C. Blocks calcium channels
D. Inhibits angiotensin II receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ivabradine selectively inhibits the If (funny) current in the sinoatrial node, reducing heart
rate without affecting contractility. It is used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and
inappropriate sinus tachycardia. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Sacubitril/Valsartan Mechanism
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. What is the mechanism of action of
sacubitril/valsartan?
A. Inhibits neprilysin and blocks angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibits ACE and blocks calcium channels
C. Blocks beta receptors and inhibits neprilysin
D. Inhibits renin and blocks aldosterone receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sacubitril/valsartan combines a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) that increases natriuretic
peptides, and an angiotensin II receptor blocker (valsartan). It is used for heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: SGLT2 Inhibitor Cardiovascular Benefit
The student is reviewing diabetes medications. Which SGLT2 inhibitor has been shown to reduce
cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure?
, 2
A. Empagliflozin
B. Glipizide
C. Sitagliptin
D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Empagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure
hospitalization in patients with heart failure, regardless of diabetes status. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: PCSK9 Inhibitor Mechanism
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the mechanism of action of
evolocumab?
A. Monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9, increasing LDL receptor recycling
B. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
C. Inhibits cholesterol absorption
D. Activates PPAR-alpha
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor that prevents PCSK9 from degrading LDL receptors,
increasing LDL receptor availability and lowering LDL cholesterol. It is used for familial
hypercholesterolemia. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Bempedoic Acid Mechanism
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the mechanism of action of bempedoic
acid?
A. Inhibits ATP citrate lyase, reducing cholesterol synthesis
B. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
C. Inhibits PCSK9
D. Inhibits cholesterol absorption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bempedoic acid inhibits ATP citrate lyase, an enzyme upstream of HMG-CoA reductase in
the cholesterol synthesis pathway. It is used for statin-intolerant patients. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Icosapent Ethyl Use
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the primary use of icosapent ethyl?
A. To reduce triglycerides and cardiovascular risk
B. To lower LDL cholesterol
C. To increase HDL cholesterol
D. To inhibit cholesterol absorption
NU 518 MODULE 6 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY II - Questions 1-10
Q1: Ivabradine Mechanism
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. What is the mechanism of action of ivabradine?
A. Inhibits the If current in the sinoatrial node
B. Blocks beta-1 receptors
C. Blocks calcium channels
D. Inhibits angiotensin II receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ivabradine selectively inhibits the If (funny) current in the sinoatrial node, reducing heart
rate without affecting contractility. It is used for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and
inappropriate sinus tachycardia. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Sacubitril/Valsartan Mechanism
The student is reviewing heart failure medications. What is the mechanism of action of
sacubitril/valsartan?
A. Inhibits neprilysin and blocks angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibits ACE and blocks calcium channels
C. Blocks beta receptors and inhibits neprilysin
D. Inhibits renin and blocks aldosterone receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sacubitril/valsartan combines a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) that increases natriuretic
peptides, and an angiotensin II receptor blocker (valsartan). It is used for heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction. [100% CORRECT]
Q3: SGLT2 Inhibitor Cardiovascular Benefit
The student is reviewing diabetes medications. Which SGLT2 inhibitor has been shown to reduce
cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure?
, 2
A. Empagliflozin
B. Glipizide
C. Sitagliptin
D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Empagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure
hospitalization in patients with heart failure, regardless of diabetes status. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: PCSK9 Inhibitor Mechanism
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the mechanism of action of
evolocumab?
A. Monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9, increasing LDL receptor recycling
B. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
C. Inhibits cholesterol absorption
D. Activates PPAR-alpha
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evolocumab is a PCSK9 inhibitor that prevents PCSK9 from degrading LDL receptors,
increasing LDL receptor availability and lowering LDL cholesterol. It is used for familial
hypercholesterolemia. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Bempedoic Acid Mechanism
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the mechanism of action of bempedoic
acid?
A. Inhibits ATP citrate lyase, reducing cholesterol synthesis
B. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
C. Inhibits PCSK9
D. Inhibits cholesterol absorption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bempedoic acid inhibits ATP citrate lyase, an enzyme upstream of HMG-CoA reductase in
the cholesterol synthesis pathway. It is used for statin-intolerant patients. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Icosapent Ethyl Use
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. What is the primary use of icosapent ethyl?
A. To reduce triglycerides and cardiovascular risk
B. To lower LDL cholesterol
C. To increase HDL cholesterol
D. To inhibit cholesterol absorption
