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NU 518 MODULE 3 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY - Questions 1-10
Q1: ACE Inhibitor Mechanism
The student is reviewing cardiovascular medications. What is the mechanism of action of ACE
inhibitors?
A. Block angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
C. Block calcium channels
D. Inhibit renin release
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme,
preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This reduces vasoconstriction and
aldosterone secretion, lowering blood pressure. ARBs block angiotensin II receptors. Calcium
channel blockers block calcium channels. Renin inhibitors inhibit renin release. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Beta-Blocker Selectivity
The student is reviewing beta-blockers. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
A. Propranolol
B. Metoprolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Labetalol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker, meaning it primarily affects the heart at
lower doses. Propranolol is nonselective. Carvedilol and labetalol are nonselective with alpha-
blocking properties. Cardioselective beta-blockers are preferred in patients with asthma or COPD.
[100% CORRECT]
Q3: Digoxin Toxicity
The student is reviewing cardiac glycosides. Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
, 2
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia increases the binding of digoxin to the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, enhancing its
effects and increasing the risk of toxicity. Hyperkalemia decreases digoxin binding and can reduce its
effects. Potassium levels should be monitored closely in patients on digoxin. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Amiodarone Monitoring
The student is reviewing antiarrhythmic medications. Which laboratory test is essential for
monitoring amiodarone therapy?
A. Thyroid function tests
B. Liver function tests
C. Renal function tests
D. Complete blood count
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid function tests should be monitored at baseline and periodically during therapy. Liver
function tests, renal function tests, and CBC may also be monitored, but thyroid function is uniquely
affected by amiodarone. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Statin Adverse Effect
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. Which adverse effect of statins requires
immediate medical attention?
A. Myalgia
B. Rhabdomyolysis
C. Constipation
D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but life-threatening adverse effect of statins characterized by
severe muscle pain, weakness, and elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels. It can lead to acute kidney
injury. Myalgia (muscle pain) is more common and less severe. Constipation and dry mouth are not
typical statin side effects. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Warfarin Monitoring
The student is reviewing anticoagulants. Which laboratory test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?
NU 518 MODULE 3 EXAM 2026/2027 |
ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY | 40 VERIFIED
Q&A | DETAILED RATIONALES | NGN-
ALIGNED | PASS GUARANTEED – A+ GRADED
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY - Questions 1-10
Q1: ACE Inhibitor Mechanism
The student is reviewing cardiovascular medications. What is the mechanism of action of ACE
inhibitors?
A. Block angiotensin II receptors
B. Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
C. Block calcium channels
D. Inhibit renin release
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril) inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme,
preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This reduces vasoconstriction and
aldosterone secretion, lowering blood pressure. ARBs block angiotensin II receptors. Calcium
channel blockers block calcium channels. Renin inhibitors inhibit renin release. [100% CORRECT]
Q2: Beta-Blocker Selectivity
The student is reviewing beta-blockers. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
A. Propranolol
B. Metoprolol
C. Carvedilol
D. Labetalol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metoprolol is a cardioselective beta-1 blocker, meaning it primarily affects the heart at
lower doses. Propranolol is nonselective. Carvedilol and labetalol are nonselective with alpha-
blocking properties. Cardioselective beta-blockers are preferred in patients with asthma or COPD.
[100% CORRECT]
Q3: Digoxin Toxicity
The student is reviewing cardiac glycosides. Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
, 2
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia increases the binding of digoxin to the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, enhancing its
effects and increasing the risk of toxicity. Hyperkalemia decreases digoxin binding and can reduce its
effects. Potassium levels should be monitored closely in patients on digoxin. [100% CORRECT]
Q4: Amiodarone Monitoring
The student is reviewing antiarrhythmic medications. Which laboratory test is essential for
monitoring amiodarone therapy?
A. Thyroid function tests
B. Liver function tests
C. Renal function tests
D. Complete blood count
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amiodarone contains iodine and can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Thyroid function tests should be monitored at baseline and periodically during therapy. Liver
function tests, renal function tests, and CBC may also be monitored, but thyroid function is uniquely
affected by amiodarone. [100% CORRECT]
Q5: Statin Adverse Effect
The student is reviewing lipid-lowering medications. Which adverse effect of statins requires
immediate medical attention?
A. Myalgia
B. Rhabdomyolysis
C. Constipation
D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but life-threatening adverse effect of statins characterized by
severe muscle pain, weakness, and elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels. It can lead to acute kidney
injury. Myalgia (muscle pain) is more common and less severe. Constipation and dry mouth are not
typical statin side effects. [100% CORRECT]
Q6: Warfarin Monitoring
The student is reviewing anticoagulants. Which laboratory test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?
