PSL 250 EXAM 5 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Describe the general functions of the circulatory system
Answer:
Transportation:
•respiratory: red blood cells transporting gases O2/CO2
•nutritive: transport nutrients to tissues, glucose, lipids
•excretory: waste products, urea, water, ions Regulation:
•body temperature: absorbs and releases heat
•hormonal: released directly into the blood ---> target tissues
•blood pH: contains chemical buffers that maintain pH (7.35-7.45) Protection:
•clotting: prevents blood loss
•immune: white blood cells, defend against pathogens
Question:
2. Identify the components of the circulatory system
Answer:
Cardiovascular system:
•heart: pumps blood around the body
•blood vessels: respiratory & systematic Lymphatic system:
•lymphatic vessels
•lymph nodes
Question:
3. What is in blood?
Answer:
•plasma ---> water/minerals/ions
•red blood cells
•white blood cells
•proteins
•hormones
•platelets
•albumin
•O2 & CO2
Question:
4. Name the six characteristics of blood and explain their significance of each to health and homeostasis
Answer:
color: depends on O2 content blood volume:
•males: 5-6 L
•females: 4-5 L viscosity: 4-5 more viscous than water plasma concentration: solute concentration
(proteins, ions)
0.9% temperature: 2°C higher than core temp blood pH: blood plasma slightly alkaline 7.35 - 7.45
, Question:
5. List the three components of a centrifuged blood sample
Answer:
1) withdraw blood into syringe & place into a glass centrifuge tube
2) place tube into centrifuge & spin for about 10 minutes
3) components of blood separate during centrifugation to revel plasma, buy coat, and erythrocytes
Question:
6. Define hematocrit & state the difference in hematocrit between males & females
Answer:
Males: 41-53% Females: 36-46%
Question:
7. Name the 3 formed elements of blood and compare their relative abundance
Answer:
Platelets: 150-400 thousand per cubic mm Leukocytes: 4.5-11 thousand per cubic mm Erythrocytes:
4.2-6.2 million per cubic mm
Question:
8. Describe the structure (size & shape) of a red blood cell
Answer:
Biconcave shape
• 7um in diameter
• 2.2 um thick
• lack in nuclei & mitochondria
Question:
9. Describe the structure of hemoglobin and explain where O2, CO2, & carbon monoxide bind to
hemoglobin
Answer:
• 4 global proteins, each bound to a heme molecule
• heme a ring structure with Fe2+ in the middle
• O2 binds to heme
• CO2 binds to globin
• Hb saturated O2, oxyhemoglobin without deoxyhemoglobin
Question:
10. Define anemia and describe the common tests done to diagnose anemia and who is more likely to have
anemia
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Describe the general functions of the circulatory system
Answer:
Transportation:
•respiratory: red blood cells transporting gases O2/CO2
•nutritive: transport nutrients to tissues, glucose, lipids
•excretory: waste products, urea, water, ions Regulation:
•body temperature: absorbs and releases heat
•hormonal: released directly into the blood ---> target tissues
•blood pH: contains chemical buffers that maintain pH (7.35-7.45) Protection:
•clotting: prevents blood loss
•immune: white blood cells, defend against pathogens
Question:
2. Identify the components of the circulatory system
Answer:
Cardiovascular system:
•heart: pumps blood around the body
•blood vessels: respiratory & systematic Lymphatic system:
•lymphatic vessels
•lymph nodes
Question:
3. What is in blood?
Answer:
•plasma ---> water/minerals/ions
•red blood cells
•white blood cells
•proteins
•hormones
•platelets
•albumin
•O2 & CO2
Question:
4. Name the six characteristics of blood and explain their significance of each to health and homeostasis
Answer:
color: depends on O2 content blood volume:
•males: 5-6 L
•females: 4-5 L viscosity: 4-5 more viscous than water plasma concentration: solute concentration
(proteins, ions)
0.9% temperature: 2°C higher than core temp blood pH: blood plasma slightly alkaline 7.35 - 7.45
, Question:
5. List the three components of a centrifuged blood sample
Answer:
1) withdraw blood into syringe & place into a glass centrifuge tube
2) place tube into centrifuge & spin for about 10 minutes
3) components of blood separate during centrifugation to revel plasma, buy coat, and erythrocytes
Question:
6. Define hematocrit & state the difference in hematocrit between males & females
Answer:
Males: 41-53% Females: 36-46%
Question:
7. Name the 3 formed elements of blood and compare their relative abundance
Answer:
Platelets: 150-400 thousand per cubic mm Leukocytes: 4.5-11 thousand per cubic mm Erythrocytes:
4.2-6.2 million per cubic mm
Question:
8. Describe the structure (size & shape) of a red blood cell
Answer:
Biconcave shape
• 7um in diameter
• 2.2 um thick
• lack in nuclei & mitochondria
Question:
9. Describe the structure of hemoglobin and explain where O2, CO2, & carbon monoxide bind to
hemoglobin
Answer:
• 4 global proteins, each bound to a heme molecule
• heme a ring structure with Fe2+ in the middle
• O2 binds to heme
• CO2 binds to globin
• Hb saturated O2, oxyhemoglobin without deoxyhemoglobin
Question:
10. Define anemia and describe the common tests done to diagnose anemia and who is more likely to have
anemia
