CVRN TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET
A+
✔✔S4 sounds - ✔✔Atrial Gallop - Extra beat occurring just before s1
associated with:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- hypertension
- aortic stenosis
✔✔S3 - ✔✔extra beat heard after S2
associated with:
- decreased ventricular compliance
- left ventricular failure
- mitral regurgitation
✔✔S1 - ✔✔indicates the onset of systole with closure of both the tricuspid and mitral
valves
✔✔S2 - ✔✔end of systole and indicates closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves
✔✔Urinary output - ✔✔(should be more than 25 ml/hr)
less than 25 ml/hr indicates decreased renal function
✔✔Urine Specific Gravity - ✔✔1.015-1.025
✔✔Peripheral venous insufficiency - ✔✔venous ulcers - superficial, irregular on the
medial or lateral malleolus and anterior tibial area
skin - brownish discoloration
edema - moderate to severe
, ✔✔Peripheral arterial insufficiency - ✔✔Arterial ulcers - painful, deep, cirular, often
necrotic on the tips of toes, toe webs, heels, or other pressure areas
skin - ruddy when dependent, but pallor on foot elevation; shiny and cool
Edema - minimal
✔✔Radionuclide Ventriculogram - ✔✔no special prep needed
used to evaluate diastolic and systolic function of patients with heart failure from
valvular heart disease or to monitor toxic effects of chemo.
✔✔Central cyanois - ✔✔of tongue and buccal mucosa indicates severe cardiovascular
disease such as pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure
✔✔Pallor - ✔✔result of decreased levels of oxyhemoglobin, usually resulting from
anemia or decreased perfusion
✔✔peripheral cyanosis - ✔✔of the nose, nails, and extremities indicates decreased
circulation and can occur with heart failure or other causes of vasoconstriction
✔✔Xanthelasma - ✔✔soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner
corners of the eyes
indicates high levels of cholesterol
✔✔Mechanical ventilation - ✔✔can cause hypoventilation leading to CO2 retention and
resulting in respiratory acidosis
✔✔Acidosis vs Alkalosis - ✔✔Acidosis= blood below pH 7.35; flush, v.fib, hypotension,
depression of CNS synaptic transmission; coma/disorientation;
- hypoventilation (not enough getting rid of CO2 by breathing)
Alkalosis= blood above 7.45; hyperexcitability in CNS and PNS; death can result;
hyperventiliation (removing too much CO2), can come from vomiting (losing acid)add ca
✔✔Renal compensatory action - ✔✔to combat respiratory acidosis - retention of
bicarbonate (HCO3) and hydrogen.
✔✔Sexual activity post-op - ✔✔- low risk activity
- be well rested
- wait 1-3 hrs after eating
- use comfortable position to minimize stress
- foreplay is important to increase heart and strengthens in prep for intercourse
- take nitro for angina prior to activity is prescribed.
A+
✔✔S4 sounds - ✔✔Atrial Gallop - Extra beat occurring just before s1
associated with:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- hypertension
- aortic stenosis
✔✔S3 - ✔✔extra beat heard after S2
associated with:
- decreased ventricular compliance
- left ventricular failure
- mitral regurgitation
✔✔S1 - ✔✔indicates the onset of systole with closure of both the tricuspid and mitral
valves
✔✔S2 - ✔✔end of systole and indicates closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves
✔✔Urinary output - ✔✔(should be more than 25 ml/hr)
less than 25 ml/hr indicates decreased renal function
✔✔Urine Specific Gravity - ✔✔1.015-1.025
✔✔Peripheral venous insufficiency - ✔✔venous ulcers - superficial, irregular on the
medial or lateral malleolus and anterior tibial area
skin - brownish discoloration
edema - moderate to severe
, ✔✔Peripheral arterial insufficiency - ✔✔Arterial ulcers - painful, deep, cirular, often
necrotic on the tips of toes, toe webs, heels, or other pressure areas
skin - ruddy when dependent, but pallor on foot elevation; shiny and cool
Edema - minimal
✔✔Radionuclide Ventriculogram - ✔✔no special prep needed
used to evaluate diastolic and systolic function of patients with heart failure from
valvular heart disease or to monitor toxic effects of chemo.
✔✔Central cyanois - ✔✔of tongue and buccal mucosa indicates severe cardiovascular
disease such as pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure
✔✔Pallor - ✔✔result of decreased levels of oxyhemoglobin, usually resulting from
anemia or decreased perfusion
✔✔peripheral cyanosis - ✔✔of the nose, nails, and extremities indicates decreased
circulation and can occur with heart failure or other causes of vasoconstriction
✔✔Xanthelasma - ✔✔soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner
corners of the eyes
indicates high levels of cholesterol
✔✔Mechanical ventilation - ✔✔can cause hypoventilation leading to CO2 retention and
resulting in respiratory acidosis
✔✔Acidosis vs Alkalosis - ✔✔Acidosis= blood below pH 7.35; flush, v.fib, hypotension,
depression of CNS synaptic transmission; coma/disorientation;
- hypoventilation (not enough getting rid of CO2 by breathing)
Alkalosis= blood above 7.45; hyperexcitability in CNS and PNS; death can result;
hyperventiliation (removing too much CO2), can come from vomiting (losing acid)add ca
✔✔Renal compensatory action - ✔✔to combat respiratory acidosis - retention of
bicarbonate (HCO3) and hydrogen.
✔✔Sexual activity post-op - ✔✔- low risk activity
- be well rested
- wait 1-3 hrs after eating
- use comfortable position to minimize stress
- foreplay is important to increase heart and strengthens in prep for intercourse
- take nitro for angina prior to activity is prescribed.
