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Samenvatting cel I:organische chemie Hoofdstuk 4

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Samenvatting cel I:organische chemie Hoofdstuk 4

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4. Inleiding tot reactiviteit – Organische aciditeit en basiciteit


1. Proton-transferevenwichten (Brönsted-Lowry concept)
Zie vnl. ook cursus algemene chemie
 Aciditeit: verlies van een H+
 Transfer van een H+ naar water
 = evenwichtsreactie



 Maat voor zuurtegraad: evenwichtsconstante Ka
 Zeer uiteenlopende waarden!
 Men gebruikt eerder pKa-waarden
 Ka > 1 : sterke zuren (pKa <0)


 pH < 7 : zure oplossing
 in water:
 H3O+ : sterkste zuur  pKa= -2
 OH-: sterkste base  pKa = 16
 pKA-schaal uitgebreider dan waterige pKA-schaal: van -10 tot +50 i.p.v. 0 tot 14


 Aciditeit van een zuur neemt toe als
 De stabiliteit van het zuur afneemt
 De stabiliteit van de geconjugeerde base toeneemt


 Basiciteit van een base neemt toe als
 De stabiliteit van de base afneemt
 De stabiliteit van het geconjugeerde zuur toeneemt


 Binnen eenzelfde groep
 Zuurtegraad stijgt naarmate het element waarop H gebonden wordt groter wordt
 De negatieve lading kan in de geconjugeerde base verdeeld worden over een groter
oppervlak



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