VALVULAR DISORDERS- (EXAM 3) 100%
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[GRADED A+]
4 cardiac valves - ✔✔●aortic
●mitral
●tricuspid
●pulmonic
The structure and function of the valves can be affected by: -
✔✔●Malformations at birth
●Inflammatory and infectious disorders
●Age-related degeneration
●Structural damage after MI
●Injury during an intracardiac procedure
Which valves are most often affected? Why? - ✔✔Aortic and mitral
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
,Because pressures are higher on that side of the heart
The aortic valve has ___(#)___ cusps, or leaflets described as semilunar
due to half-moon appearance - ✔✔3
What action opens the aortic valve? - ✔✔L ventricle contraction
What action closes the aortic valve? - ✔✔L ventricle relaxation
Causes of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔Can be the result of age—
progressive calcium deposits, a later consequence of a congenital defect
such as the valve has two instead of three cusps, or damage related to
rheumatic carditis and/or infective endocarditis
S/s of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔•Dizziness, fainting, or angina
•Dyspnea and fatigue with exertion
•Lateral or distal displacement of the PMI
•Weak carotid pulse
•CXR shows ventricular enlargement
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
, With ventricle enlargement, heart pulsations are displaced _____________
or __________ on the chest wall from the usually point of maximum
impulse (PMI) at the fifth intercostal space medial to the left midclavicular
line. - ✔✔laterally or distally
The S2 heart sound is ____________; there is a definite separation
between the sounds of the aortic valve and pulmonic valve closing. What
does it sound like when auscultated? - ✔✔split
"lub-t-dub"
W/ ventricular enlargement, the height of the ____ wave is increased -
✔✔R wave
Medical management (Drugs) of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔•Digitalis and
a diuretic (Antidysrhythmic)
•Sodium is restricted
•Antibiotics to prevent recurrences of infective endocarditis
•Nitrates or beta blockers for relieving chest pain
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[GRADED A+]
4 cardiac valves - ✔✔●aortic
●mitral
●tricuspid
●pulmonic
The structure and function of the valves can be affected by: -
✔✔●Malformations at birth
●Inflammatory and infectious disorders
●Age-related degeneration
●Structural damage after MI
●Injury during an intracardiac procedure
Which valves are most often affected? Why? - ✔✔Aortic and mitral
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
,Because pressures are higher on that side of the heart
The aortic valve has ___(#)___ cusps, or leaflets described as semilunar
due to half-moon appearance - ✔✔3
What action opens the aortic valve? - ✔✔L ventricle contraction
What action closes the aortic valve? - ✔✔L ventricle relaxation
Causes of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔Can be the result of age—
progressive calcium deposits, a later consequence of a congenital defect
such as the valve has two instead of three cusps, or damage related to
rheumatic carditis and/or infective endocarditis
S/s of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔•Dizziness, fainting, or angina
•Dyspnea and fatigue with exertion
•Lateral or distal displacement of the PMI
•Weak carotid pulse
•CXR shows ventricular enlargement
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
, With ventricle enlargement, heart pulsations are displaced _____________
or __________ on the chest wall from the usually point of maximum
impulse (PMI) at the fifth intercostal space medial to the left midclavicular
line. - ✔✔laterally or distally
The S2 heart sound is ____________; there is a definite separation
between the sounds of the aortic valve and pulmonic valve closing. What
does it sound like when auscultated? - ✔✔split
"lub-t-dub"
W/ ventricular enlargement, the height of the ____ wave is increased -
✔✔R wave
Medical management (Drugs) of aortic valve stenosis? - ✔✔•Digitalis and
a diuretic (Antidysrhythmic)
•Sodium is restricted
•Antibiotics to prevent recurrences of infective endocarditis
•Nitrates or beta blockers for relieving chest pain
©morren2025/2026.Year published 2026.
