NBRC TMC CRT RRT COMPREHENSIVE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
●● Venous distention
Answer: -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
●● Capillary refill
Answer: -indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
●● Jaundice skin color
Answer: -increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
●● Bradypnea (oligopnea)
Answer: -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and
irregular rhythm
●● Hyperpnea
Answer: -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
,●● Cheyne-Stokes
Answer: -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
●● Biots
Answer: -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
●● Kussmaul's
Answer: -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
-Raspy voice
●● Apneustic
Answer: prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
,●● cachectic
Answer: muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
●● retractions
Answer: -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of
outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
●● Character of cough
Answer: -dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or
asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
●● evidence of difficult airway
Answer: -short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
●● pulsus paradoxus
Answer: -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
, ●● tactile fremitus
Answer: -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
●● Crepitus
Answer: -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
●● Resonant percussion
Answer: -hollow sound
-normal lungs
●● Flat percussion
Answer: -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
●● Dull percussion
Answer: -heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE
●● Venous distention
Answer: -occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
●● Capillary refill
Answer: -indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
●● Jaundice skin color
Answer: -increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
●● Bradypnea (oligopnea)
Answer: -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and
irregular rhythm
●● Hyperpnea
Answer: -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
,●● Cheyne-Stokes
Answer: -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
●● Biots
Answer: -increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
●● Kussmaul's
Answer: -increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored
-Raspy voice
●● Apneustic
Answer: prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
,●● cachectic
Answer: muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
●● retractions
Answer: -chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of
outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
●● Character of cough
Answer: -dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or
asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
●● evidence of difficult airway
Answer: -short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
●● pulsus paradoxus
Answer: -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
, ●● tactile fremitus
Answer: -vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
●● Crepitus
Answer: -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
●● Resonant percussion
Answer: -hollow sound
-normal lungs
●● Flat percussion
Answer: -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
●● Dull percussion
Answer: -heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
