,Jersey College NUR 205 Exam 1 | Pediatric Nursing
(2026) Q&A
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Roy's Adaptation
Model in pediatric nursing?
A) To focus exclusively on the child's physiological responses to illness
B) To evaluate how children and families adapt to environmental stimuli across four
adaptive modes
C) To prioritize medical diagnosis over nursing assessment in pediatric care
D) To replace the nursing process with a strictly family-driven decision model
Correct Answer: To evaluate how children and families adapt to environmental
stimuli across four adaptive modes
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
responding to stimuli through four modes: physiologic, self-concept, role function,
and interdependence. In pediatric nursing, it guides holistic assessment of how
children and families cope with health challenges. The other options misrepresent
the model's comprehensive, family-inclusive framework.
2. What is the primary function of the posterior fontanelle in a newborn assessment?
A) It serves as a landmark for measuring head circumference
B) It typically closes by 6 to 8 weeks of age and allows for brain growth
C) It remains open until 18 months to accommodate rapid brain development
D) It indicates the presence of increased intracranial pressure when sunken
Correct Answer: It typically closes by 6 to 8 weeks of age and allows for brain
growth
,Rationale: The posterior fontanelle is a small triangular soft spot that normally closes
by 6 to 8 weeks. It permits brain growth during early infancy. The anterior fontanelle
closes later, between 12 and 18 months. A sunken fontanelle suggests dehydration,
not elevated pressure.
3. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is
characterized by the development of object permanence?
A) Sensorimotor stage
B) Preoperational stage
C) Concrete operational stage
D) Formal operational stage
Correct Answer: Sensorimotor stage
Rationale: Piaget's sensorimotor stage spans birth to approximately 2 years. During
this stage, infants develop object permanence—the understanding that objects
continue to exist even when out of sight. The preoperational stage involves symbolic
thought, while concrete and formal operational stages involve more advanced logical
reasoning.
4. A researcher is studying the effectiveness of atraumatic care principles in a
pediatric unit. Which intervention best exemplifies the goal of minimizing separation
from family?
A) Restricting parental visitation to designated hours
B) Allowing parents to room-in and participate in the child's daily care
C) Performing all procedures in the child's bed to avoid moving them
D) Assigning a different nurse to the child each shift for objectivity
, Correct Answer: Allowing parents to room-in and participate in the child's daily care
Rationale: Atraumatic care aims to prevent or minimize separation from family.
Rooming-in and parental participation reduce the child's psychological distress.
Restricting visitation, performing procedures in the child's bed, and changing nurses
frequently can increase anxiety and violate the principles of atraumatic care.
5. Which term refers to the increase in physical size of a child, such as height and
weight?
A) Development
B) Growth
C) Maturation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Growth
Rationale: Growth specifically refers to measurable increases in physical size,
including height, weight, and head circumference. Development encompasses the
acquisition of skills and functional abilities. Maturation refers to the sequential
physical and behavioral changes that occur with age, while differentiation is the
specialization of cells.
6. What is the most likely outcome if a 4-month-old infant is placed on the stomach
for sleep?
A) Improved digestion and reduced colic episodes
B) Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome
C) Enhanced motor development and head control
D) Decreased risk of aspiration during sleep
(2026) Q&A
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Roy's Adaptation
Model in pediatric nursing?
A) To focus exclusively on the child's physiological responses to illness
B) To evaluate how children and families adapt to environmental stimuli across four
adaptive modes
C) To prioritize medical diagnosis over nursing assessment in pediatric care
D) To replace the nursing process with a strictly family-driven decision model
Correct Answer: To evaluate how children and families adapt to environmental
stimuli across four adaptive modes
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
responding to stimuli through four modes: physiologic, self-concept, role function,
and interdependence. In pediatric nursing, it guides holistic assessment of how
children and families cope with health challenges. The other options misrepresent
the model's comprehensive, family-inclusive framework.
2. What is the primary function of the posterior fontanelle in a newborn assessment?
A) It serves as a landmark for measuring head circumference
B) It typically closes by 6 to 8 weeks of age and allows for brain growth
C) It remains open until 18 months to accommodate rapid brain development
D) It indicates the presence of increased intracranial pressure when sunken
Correct Answer: It typically closes by 6 to 8 weeks of age and allows for brain
growth
,Rationale: The posterior fontanelle is a small triangular soft spot that normally closes
by 6 to 8 weeks. It permits brain growth during early infancy. The anterior fontanelle
closes later, between 12 and 18 months. A sunken fontanelle suggests dehydration,
not elevated pressure.
3. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is
characterized by the development of object permanence?
A) Sensorimotor stage
B) Preoperational stage
C) Concrete operational stage
D) Formal operational stage
Correct Answer: Sensorimotor stage
Rationale: Piaget's sensorimotor stage spans birth to approximately 2 years. During
this stage, infants develop object permanence—the understanding that objects
continue to exist even when out of sight. The preoperational stage involves symbolic
thought, while concrete and formal operational stages involve more advanced logical
reasoning.
4. A researcher is studying the effectiveness of atraumatic care principles in a
pediatric unit. Which intervention best exemplifies the goal of minimizing separation
from family?
A) Restricting parental visitation to designated hours
B) Allowing parents to room-in and participate in the child's daily care
C) Performing all procedures in the child's bed to avoid moving them
D) Assigning a different nurse to the child each shift for objectivity
, Correct Answer: Allowing parents to room-in and participate in the child's daily care
Rationale: Atraumatic care aims to prevent or minimize separation from family.
Rooming-in and parental participation reduce the child's psychological distress.
Restricting visitation, performing procedures in the child's bed, and changing nurses
frequently can increase anxiety and violate the principles of atraumatic care.
5. Which term refers to the increase in physical size of a child, such as height and
weight?
A) Development
B) Growth
C) Maturation
D) Differentiation
Correct Answer: Growth
Rationale: Growth specifically refers to measurable increases in physical size,
including height, weight, and head circumference. Development encompasses the
acquisition of skills and functional abilities. Maturation refers to the sequential
physical and behavioral changes that occur with age, while differentiation is the
specialization of cells.
6. What is the most likely outcome if a 4-month-old infant is placed on the stomach
for sleep?
A) Improved digestion and reduced colic episodes
B) Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome
C) Enhanced motor development and head control
D) Decreased risk of aspiration during sleep
