MHA 708 — HEALTHCARE POLICY EXAM B NEWEST 2026/2027 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES EACH |
CURRENTLY TESTING AND FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS| MASTER OF
HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (MHA) PROGRAM EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE (LSUS)
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTHCARE POLICY (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is formally defined
as:
A) The absence of disease or infirmity
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C) The ability to perform activities of daily living
D) Freedom from disability and chronic illness
Answer: B
Rationale: The WHO constitution (1948) defines health as "a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity." This holistic definition is foundational in health policy
literature and shapes how comprehensive health systems are conceptualized.
Question 2
What is a market justice approach to healthcare delivery?
A) Everyone should have equal access regardless of ability to pay
B) Healthcare should be allocated based on willingness and ability to pay
C) The government should be the sole provider of health insurance
D) Healthcare should be distributed based on medical need only
Answer: B
Rationale: Market justice views healthcare as an economic good distributed
according to market forces. Those who can afford care receive it; those who
cannot must rely on charity or safety-net programs. It emphasizes individual
responsibility and limited government intervention.
Question 3
What is a social justice approach to healthcare delivery?
A) Healthcare is a commodity to be bought and sold
B) Individuals are responsible for their own health outcomes
1
,C) Everyone should have access to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
D) Healthcare should be allocated based on employment status
Answer: C
Rationale: Social justice views healthcare as a social good and a right of
citizenship. Access should not be determined by financial means, and society
has an obligation to ensure equitable distribution of services regardless of
individual purchasing power.
Question 4
Which of the following is a key assumption of the market justice model?
A) Markets produce equitable outcomes without interference
B) Government should provide universal coverage
C) Healthcare is a fundamental human right
D) Resource allocation requires central planning
Answer: A
Rationale: Market justice assumes competitive markets produce efficient
outcomes. Resources flow to their highest-value uses, and prices signal
scarcity and value. This economic efficiency argument underpins many
market-oriented health policies.
Question 5
In the social justice model, government's role is best described as:
A) Limited to ensuring fair market functioning
B) The steward of healthcare resources for equitable access
C) A passive observer of market forces
D) A provider of care only for the military
Answer: B
Rationale: In social justice frameworks, government acts as a steward,
ensuring that healthcare resources are distributed equitably and that all
citizens have access to needed services regardless of ability to pay.
Question 6
The U.S. healthcare system is best described as a:
A) Single-payer system
B) Socialized medicine system
2
,C) Mixed market system
D) National health service system
Answer: C
Rationale: The U.S. relies on a blend of private insurance, employer-sponsored
plans, and public programs (Medicare, Medicaid). It is not a single-payer or
fully socialized system.
Question 7
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of health?
A) Genetics
B) Social circumstances
C) Medical care
D) Political affiliation
Answer: D
Rationale: The major determinants of health include genetics, social
circumstances, environmental conditions, behavioral choices, and medical care.
Political affiliation is not a recognized determinant of health status.
Question 8
What is the primary goal of public health?
A) Treating individual patients in hospitals
B) Promoting and protecting the health of populations
C) Maximizing profits for healthcare providers
D) Reducing the cost of prescription drugs
Answer: B
Rationale: Public health focuses on population-level interventions,
prevention, and health promotion, rather than individual clinical treatment.
Question 9
Which statement best describes health policy?
A) It refers only to laws passed by Congress
B) It encompasses decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve
specific healthcare goals in society
C) It applies exclusively to public health agencies
D) It is limited to insurance regulation
3
, Answer: B
Rationale: Health policy is a broad term that includes laws, regulations,
and actions by governments and other actors aimed at achieving health goals.
Question 10
Which of the following is a primary goal of public health policy?
A) Increasing shareholder value for hospitals
B) Reducing health disparities and improving population health
C) Limiting access to care to reduce costs
D) Promoting individual wealth accumulation
Answer: B
Rationale: Public health policy aims to improve the health of populations,
reduce disparities, and ensure conditions in which people can be healthy.
Question 11
The concept of "herd immunity" is most relevant to which type of policy?
A) Pharmaceutical pricing policy
B) Vaccination policy
C) Hospital reimbursement policy
D) Mental health parity policy
Answer: B
Rationale: Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population
is immune to an infectious disease, providing indirect protection to those
who are not immune. It is a central concept in vaccination policy.
Question 12
Which of the following best defines "health equity"?
A) Equal health outcomes for all individuals regardless of circumstances
B) The absence of disease in a population
C) The fair and just opportunity for everyone to attain their highest level
of health
D) Equal spending on healthcare for all citizens
Answer: C
Rationale: Health equity means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity
4
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES EACH |
CURRENTLY TESTING AND FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS| MASTER OF
HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (MHA) PROGRAM EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE (LSUS)
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF HEALTHCARE POLICY (Questions 1–20)
Question 1
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is formally defined
as:
A) The absence of disease or infirmity
B) A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
C) The ability to perform activities of daily living
D) Freedom from disability and chronic illness
Answer: B
Rationale: The WHO constitution (1948) defines health as "a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity." This holistic definition is foundational in health policy
literature and shapes how comprehensive health systems are conceptualized.
Question 2
What is a market justice approach to healthcare delivery?
A) Everyone should have equal access regardless of ability to pay
B) Healthcare should be allocated based on willingness and ability to pay
C) The government should be the sole provider of health insurance
D) Healthcare should be distributed based on medical need only
Answer: B
Rationale: Market justice views healthcare as an economic good distributed
according to market forces. Those who can afford care receive it; those who
cannot must rely on charity or safety-net programs. It emphasizes individual
responsibility and limited government intervention.
Question 3
What is a social justice approach to healthcare delivery?
A) Healthcare is a commodity to be bought and sold
B) Individuals are responsible for their own health outcomes
1
,C) Everyone should have access to healthcare regardless of ability to pay
D) Healthcare should be allocated based on employment status
Answer: C
Rationale: Social justice views healthcare as a social good and a right of
citizenship. Access should not be determined by financial means, and society
has an obligation to ensure equitable distribution of services regardless of
individual purchasing power.
Question 4
Which of the following is a key assumption of the market justice model?
A) Markets produce equitable outcomes without interference
B) Government should provide universal coverage
C) Healthcare is a fundamental human right
D) Resource allocation requires central planning
Answer: A
Rationale: Market justice assumes competitive markets produce efficient
outcomes. Resources flow to their highest-value uses, and prices signal
scarcity and value. This economic efficiency argument underpins many
market-oriented health policies.
Question 5
In the social justice model, government's role is best described as:
A) Limited to ensuring fair market functioning
B) The steward of healthcare resources for equitable access
C) A passive observer of market forces
D) A provider of care only for the military
Answer: B
Rationale: In social justice frameworks, government acts as a steward,
ensuring that healthcare resources are distributed equitably and that all
citizens have access to needed services regardless of ability to pay.
Question 6
The U.S. healthcare system is best described as a:
A) Single-payer system
B) Socialized medicine system
2
,C) Mixed market system
D) National health service system
Answer: C
Rationale: The U.S. relies on a blend of private insurance, employer-sponsored
plans, and public programs (Medicare, Medicaid). It is not a single-payer or
fully socialized system.
Question 7
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of health?
A) Genetics
B) Social circumstances
C) Medical care
D) Political affiliation
Answer: D
Rationale: The major determinants of health include genetics, social
circumstances, environmental conditions, behavioral choices, and medical care.
Political affiliation is not a recognized determinant of health status.
Question 8
What is the primary goal of public health?
A) Treating individual patients in hospitals
B) Promoting and protecting the health of populations
C) Maximizing profits for healthcare providers
D) Reducing the cost of prescription drugs
Answer: B
Rationale: Public health focuses on population-level interventions,
prevention, and health promotion, rather than individual clinical treatment.
Question 9
Which statement best describes health policy?
A) It refers only to laws passed by Congress
B) It encompasses decisions, plans, and actions undertaken to achieve
specific healthcare goals in society
C) It applies exclusively to public health agencies
D) It is limited to insurance regulation
3
, Answer: B
Rationale: Health policy is a broad term that includes laws, regulations,
and actions by governments and other actors aimed at achieving health goals.
Question 10
Which of the following is a primary goal of public health policy?
A) Increasing shareholder value for hospitals
B) Reducing health disparities and improving population health
C) Limiting access to care to reduce costs
D) Promoting individual wealth accumulation
Answer: B
Rationale: Public health policy aims to improve the health of populations,
reduce disparities, and ensure conditions in which people can be healthy.
Question 11
The concept of "herd immunity" is most relevant to which type of policy?
A) Pharmaceutical pricing policy
B) Vaccination policy
C) Hospital reimbursement policy
D) Mental health parity policy
Answer: B
Rationale: Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population
is immune to an infectious disease, providing indirect protection to those
who are not immune. It is a central concept in vaccination policy.
Question 12
Which of the following best defines "health equity"?
A) Equal health outcomes for all individuals regardless of circumstances
B) The absence of disease in a population
C) The fair and just opportunity for everyone to attain their highest level
of health
D) Equal spending on healthcare for all citizens
Answer: C
Rationale: Health equity means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity
4
