NUR 2392 / NUR2392
Exam
Multidimensional Care II (MDC
2) Clinical Judgment (CJE)
Questions & Answers Plus Rationales
(PDF) 2026 Academic Year
Instant Pdf Download
,Section 1: Fluid & Electrolyte Balance (Questions 1–40)
1. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypovolemia. Which finding
should be expected?
A) Bradycardia
B) Edema
C) Hypotension and tachycardia
D) Crackles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluid volume deficit reduces circulating volume and may
produce orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes,
decreased urine output, and weight loss .
2. Which finding is most consistent with fluid volume deficit?
A) Bounding pulse
B) Crackles
C) Orthostatic hypotension
D) Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension occurs when the patient moves from
lying to standing due to reduced circulating volume. Other signs include
tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output .
3. A patient with fluid volume overload develops dyspnea and
bilateral crackles. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Place the client flat
B) Assess respiratory status and oxygenation
C) Encourage large amounts of oral fluid
D) Delay assessment until the next scheduled vital signs
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary fluid accumulation can impair gas exchange.
Respiratory status and oxygenation must be assessed promptly, followed
by interventions according to the prescribed plan .
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
loop diuretic use?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) cause potassium loss in the
urine, leading to hypokalemia. Patients on loop diuretics should have
their potassium levels monitored regularly .
5. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypocalcemia. Which sign is
consistent with this condition?
A) Chvostek's sign
B) Trousseau's sign
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability.
Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve) and
Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm when inflating a blood pressure cuff) are
both classic signs of hypocalcemia .
6. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypercalcemia. Which
finding is consistent with this condition?
, A) Muscle spasms
B) Polyuria and polydipsia
C) Chvostek's sign
D) Trousseau's sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypercalcemia can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by
impairing the kidney's responsiveness to ADH, leading to polyuria and
polydipsia. Muscle spasms, Chvostek's sign, and Trousseau's sign are
signs of hypocalcemia .
7. Which finding is most consistent with hyperkalemia in a patient
with chronic kidney disease?
A) Hypocalcemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease impairs potassium excretion, leading
to hyperkalemia. This can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Patients with CKD also develop hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and
metabolic acidosis .
8. Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
A) Peaked T waves
B) Prominent U waves
C) Prolonged QT caused specifically by low calcium
D) Narrowed QRS as the defining feature
Correct Answer: A
Exam
Multidimensional Care II (MDC
2) Clinical Judgment (CJE)
Questions & Answers Plus Rationales
(PDF) 2026 Academic Year
Instant Pdf Download
,Section 1: Fluid & Electrolyte Balance (Questions 1–40)
1. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypovolemia. Which finding
should be expected?
A) Bradycardia
B) Edema
C) Hypotension and tachycardia
D) Crackles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fluid volume deficit reduces circulating volume and may
produce orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes,
decreased urine output, and weight loss .
2. Which finding is most consistent with fluid volume deficit?
A) Bounding pulse
B) Crackles
C) Orthostatic hypotension
D) Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension occurs when the patient moves from
lying to standing due to reduced circulating volume. Other signs include
tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output .
3. A patient with fluid volume overload develops dyspnea and
bilateral crackles. What is the priority nursing action?
A) Place the client flat
B) Assess respiratory status and oxygenation
C) Encourage large amounts of oral fluid
D) Delay assessment until the next scheduled vital signs
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary fluid accumulation can impair gas exchange.
Respiratory status and oxygenation must be assessed promptly, followed
by interventions according to the prescribed plan .
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
loop diuretic use?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) cause potassium loss in the
urine, leading to hypokalemia. Patients on loop diuretics should have
their potassium levels monitored regularly .
5. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypocalcemia. Which sign is
consistent with this condition?
A) Chvostek's sign
B) Trousseau's sign
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability.
Chvostek's sign (facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve) and
Trousseau's sign (carpal spasm when inflating a blood pressure cuff) are
both classic signs of hypocalcemia .
6. The nurse is assessing a patient with hypercalcemia. Which
finding is consistent with this condition?
, A) Muscle spasms
B) Polyuria and polydipsia
C) Chvostek's sign
D) Trousseau's sign
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypercalcemia can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by
impairing the kidney's responsiveness to ADH, leading to polyuria and
polydipsia. Muscle spasms, Chvostek's sign, and Trousseau's sign are
signs of hypocalcemia .
7. Which finding is most consistent with hyperkalemia in a patient
with chronic kidney disease?
A) Hypocalcemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic kidney disease impairs potassium excretion, leading
to hyperkalemia. This can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Patients with CKD also develop hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and
metabolic acidosis .
8. Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
A) Peaked T waves
B) Prominent U waves
C) Prolonged QT caused specifically by low calcium
D) Narrowed QRS as the defining feature
Correct Answer: A
