• NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 1 2026 2027 |
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes University
| Exams 1-4 Comprehensive Bank | Verified
Q&A with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
The nurse is caring for a client with altered protein metabolism as a result of liver dysfunction. Which finding
should the nurse expect to note when reviewing the client's laboratory results?
1.Increased lactase level
2.Decreased albumin level
3.Increased ammonia level
P 1
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
4.Decreased lactic acid level –
Correct Answer :3
Rationale:
During deamination of proteins in the liver, the amino group splits from the carbon-containing compound, which
results in formation of ammonia and a carbon residue. The liver then converts the toxic ammonia substance into
urea, which can be excreted by the kidneys. Clients with liver dysfunction may have high serum ammonia levels
as a result. The remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with biliary obstruction. The nurse interprets that obstruction of which passage is
related to the client's condition?
1.Cystic duct
2.Liver canaliculi
3.Common bile duct
4.Right hepatic duct –
Correct Answer :1
Rationale:
The gallbladder receives bile from the liver through the cystic duct. The liver collects bile in the canaliculi, from
which bile flows into the right and left hepatic ducts and then into the common hepatic duct. From there, the
bile can be transported for storage in the gallbladder through the cystic duct, or it can flow directly into the
duodenum by way of the common bile duct.
The nurse is caring for an older client. The nurse should anticipate that medication dosages will be further
adjusted if the client has dysfunction of which organ?
1.Liver
2.Stomach
3.Pancreas
4.Gallbladder - Correct Answer :1
Rationale:
P 2
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
An important function of the liver is to break down medications and other toxic substances. The older client with
liver disease is at increased risk for toxic medication effects and should be monitored carefully for adverse
effects. Diseases of the stomach, pancreas, and gallbladder are a lesser concern for prolonged medication
effects.
The nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) who is experiencing acute
pain. The nurse determines that the expected outcomes have been met if the nursing assessment reveals which
result?
1.The client reports some pain before meals.
2.The client frequently is awakened at 2 a.m. with heartburn.
3.The client has eliminated any irritating foods from the diet.
4.The client's pain is minimal with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. –
Correct Answer :3
Rationale
:Expected outcomes for the client with PUD who is experiencing pain include elimination of irritating foods from
the diet, effectiveness of prescribed medications to eliminate pain, self-reporting of absence of pain with
medication, and an ability to sleep through the night without pain. The client who continues to be awakened by
pain requires further modification of medication therapy, which may include adjustment of timing of histamine
H2-receptor antagonist administration or an additional dose of antacid before the time when pain usually
awakens the client.
A client arrives at the hospital emergency department complaining of acute right lower quadrant abdominal
pain. Appendicitis is suspected, and appropriate laboratory tests are performed. The emergency department
nurse reviews the test results and notes that the client's white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated. The nurse also
reviews the prescriptions from the health care provider (HCP). The nurse should contact the HCP to question
which prescription if noted in the client's record?
1.Maintain a semi Fowler's position.
2.Maintain on NPO (nothing by mouth) status.
3.Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen for comfort.
4.Initiate an intravenous (IV) line with the administration of IV fluids.
- Correct Answer :3
P 3
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
Rationale:
Appendicitis should be suspected in a client with an elevated WBC count who is complaining of acute right lower
quadrant abdominal pain. A semi Fowler's position is maintained for comfort. The client would be on NPO status
and given IV fluids in preparation for possible surgery. Heat should never be applied to the abdomen because
this may increase circulation to the appendix, potentially leading to increased inflammation and perforation.
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed enteral feeding via a newly inserted nasogastric (NG) tube. Before
initiating the enteral feeding, the nurse should perform which action first?
1.Warm the feeding to 103°F (39.4°C).
2.Confirm NG placement by x-ray study.
3.Make sure the continuous enteral feeding tubing is primed.
4.Position the head of the client's bed to 30 degrees or greater. –
Correct Answer :2
Rationale
:Before initiating enteral feedings via a newly inserted NG tube, the placement of the tube is confirmed by x-ray.
If the tube is not in the stomach, the client is at risk for aspiration. Formulas are administered at room
temperature, not at 103°F. To prevent aspiration while administering a tube feeding, the nurse should place the
client in an upright sitting position or elevate the head of the bed at least 30 degrees. Although an important
action, it is not the priority. Priming the enteral feeding tube is important prior to initiating the feedings;
however, it is not the priority action.
A client has a large, deep duodenal ulcer diagnosed by endoscopy. Which sign or symptom indicative of a
complication should the nurse look for during the client's postprocedure assessment?
1.Bradycardia
2.Nausea and vomiting
3.Numbness in the legs
4.A rigid, boardlike abdomen - Correct Answer :4
Rationale:
The client with a large, deep duodenal ulcer is at risk for perforation of the ulcer. If this occurs, the client will
experience sudden, sharp, intolerable severe pain beginning in the midepigastric area and spreading over the
P 4
NSG 530 ACTUAL EXAM 1 2026 2027 |
Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes University
| Exams 1-4 Comprehensive Bank | Verified
Q&A with Detailed Rationales | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
The nurse is caring for a client with altered protein metabolism as a result of liver dysfunction. Which finding
should the nurse expect to note when reviewing the client's laboratory results?
1.Increased lactase level
2.Decreased albumin level
3.Increased ammonia level
P 1
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
4.Decreased lactic acid level –
Correct Answer :3
Rationale:
During deamination of proteins in the liver, the amino group splits from the carbon-containing compound, which
results in formation of ammonia and a carbon residue. The liver then converts the toxic ammonia substance into
urea, which can be excreted by the kidneys. Clients with liver dysfunction may have high serum ammonia levels
as a result. The remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with biliary obstruction. The nurse interprets that obstruction of which passage is
related to the client's condition?
1.Cystic duct
2.Liver canaliculi
3.Common bile duct
4.Right hepatic duct –
Correct Answer :1
Rationale:
The gallbladder receives bile from the liver through the cystic duct. The liver collects bile in the canaliculi, from
which bile flows into the right and left hepatic ducts and then into the common hepatic duct. From there, the
bile can be transported for storage in the gallbladder through the cystic duct, or it can flow directly into the
duodenum by way of the common bile duct.
The nurse is caring for an older client. The nurse should anticipate that medication dosages will be further
adjusted if the client has dysfunction of which organ?
1.Liver
2.Stomach
3.Pancreas
4.Gallbladder - Correct Answer :1
Rationale:
P 2
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
An important function of the liver is to break down medications and other toxic substances. The older client with
liver disease is at increased risk for toxic medication effects and should be monitored carefully for adverse
effects. Diseases of the stomach, pancreas, and gallbladder are a lesser concern for prolonged medication
effects.
The nurse is evaluating the plan of care for a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) who is experiencing acute
pain. The nurse determines that the expected outcomes have been met if the nursing assessment reveals which
result?
1.The client reports some pain before meals.
2.The client frequently is awakened at 2 a.m. with heartburn.
3.The client has eliminated any irritating foods from the diet.
4.The client's pain is minimal with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. –
Correct Answer :3
Rationale
:Expected outcomes for the client with PUD who is experiencing pain include elimination of irritating foods from
the diet, effectiveness of prescribed medications to eliminate pain, self-reporting of absence of pain with
medication, and an ability to sleep through the night without pain. The client who continues to be awakened by
pain requires further modification of medication therapy, which may include adjustment of timing of histamine
H2-receptor antagonist administration or an additional dose of antacid before the time when pain usually
awakens the client.
A client arrives at the hospital emergency department complaining of acute right lower quadrant abdominal
pain. Appendicitis is suspected, and appropriate laboratory tests are performed. The emergency department
nurse reviews the test results and notes that the client's white blood cell (WBC) count is elevated. The nurse also
reviews the prescriptions from the health care provider (HCP). The nurse should contact the HCP to question
which prescription if noted in the client's record?
1.Maintain a semi Fowler's position.
2.Maintain on NPO (nothing by mouth) status.
3.Apply a heating pad to the lower abdomen for comfort.
4.Initiate an intravenous (IV) line with the administration of IV fluids.
- Correct Answer :3
P 3
, • NSG 530 EXAM 09/15/2026
Rationale:
Appendicitis should be suspected in a client with an elevated WBC count who is complaining of acute right lower
quadrant abdominal pain. A semi Fowler's position is maintained for comfort. The client would be on NPO status
and given IV fluids in preparation for possible surgery. Heat should never be applied to the abdomen because
this may increase circulation to the appendix, potentially leading to increased inflammation and perforation.
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed enteral feeding via a newly inserted nasogastric (NG) tube. Before
initiating the enteral feeding, the nurse should perform which action first?
1.Warm the feeding to 103°F (39.4°C).
2.Confirm NG placement by x-ray study.
3.Make sure the continuous enteral feeding tubing is primed.
4.Position the head of the client's bed to 30 degrees or greater. –
Correct Answer :2
Rationale
:Before initiating enteral feedings via a newly inserted NG tube, the placement of the tube is confirmed by x-ray.
If the tube is not in the stomach, the client is at risk for aspiration. Formulas are administered at room
temperature, not at 103°F. To prevent aspiration while administering a tube feeding, the nurse should place the
client in an upright sitting position or elevate the head of the bed at least 30 degrees. Although an important
action, it is not the priority. Priming the enteral feeding tube is important prior to initiating the feedings;
however, it is not the priority action.
A client has a large, deep duodenal ulcer diagnosed by endoscopy. Which sign or symptom indicative of a
complication should the nurse look for during the client's postprocedure assessment?
1.Bradycardia
2.Nausea and vomiting
3.Numbness in the legs
4.A rigid, boardlike abdomen - Correct Answer :4
Rationale:
The client with a large, deep duodenal ulcer is at risk for perforation of the ulcer. If this occurs, the client will
experience sudden, sharp, intolerable severe pain beginning in the midepigastric area and spreading over the
P 4
