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GCU NSG 300 2026 EXAM 1: FOUNDATIONS
OF NURSING COMPLETE (160) CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES|GRADED A+.
NSG
Below is a comprehensive GCU NSG 300 Exam 1: Foundations of Nursing –
Practice Exam with 160 questions. Each question includes four answer
choices (A–D), the correct answer, and an explanation. Topics include
nursing history, nursing theories, nursing process, legal and ethical
issues, communication, documentation, infection control, safety, vital
signs, and basic nursing care.
Multiple choice.
GCU NSG 300 Exam 1: Foundations of Nursing – Practice Exam
Section 1: Nursing History and Theories (Questions 1–20)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Lillian Wald
Answer: C. Florence Nightingale
Explanation: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of
, Page 2 of 58
modern nursing. She established the first nursing school and
improved sanitation during the Crimean War.
2. Florence Nightingale’s environmental theory emphasized the
importance of:
A) Medication administration
B) Clean air, pure water, sanitation, and light
C) Surgical techniques
D) Psychological support
Answer: B. Clean air, pure water, sanitation, and light
Explanation: Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing focused on
manipulating the environment to promote healing.
3. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of Human Caring
(carative factors)?
A) Jean Watson
B) Dorothea Orem
C) Patricia Benner
D) Madeleine Leininger
Answer: A. Jean Watson
Explanation: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring emphasizes the
caring relationship and caritas processes.
4. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on:
A) The patient’s ability to perform self-care activities
B) Cultural competence
C) Human becoming
D) Unitary human beings
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Answer: A. The patient’s ability to perform self-care activities
Explanation: Orem’s theory includes self-care, self-care deficit, and
nursing systems.
5. According to Patricia Benner, a nurse who has 2-3 years of
experience and can see the “big picture” is at which stage?
A) Novice
B) Advanced beginner
C) Competent
D) Proficient
Answer: D. Proficient
Explanation: Benner’s stages: novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, expert. Proficient nurses perceive situations
as a whole.
6. Madeleine Leininger is known for:
A) Culture care theory (transcultural nursing)
B) Behavioral systems model
C) Human becoming theory
D) Science of unitary human beings
Answer: A. Culture care theory (transcultural nursing)
Explanation: Leininger emphasized culturally congruent care.
7. The “metaparadigm” of nursing includes four concepts:
A) Person, environment, health, nursing
B) Patient, family, community, care
C) Diagnosis, intervention, outcome, evaluation
D) Theory, practice, research, education
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Answer: A. Person, environment, health, nursing
Explanation: These four concepts form the metaparadigm of
nursing.
8. Which nursing role involves protecting the patient’s rights and
speaking up for the patient?
A) Caregiver
B) Educator
C) Advocate
D) Manager
Answer: C. Advocate
Explanation: The advocate role protects patient rights and ensures
patient safety and autonomy.
9. The first nursing school in the United States was founded by:
A) Clara Barton
B) Linda Richards
C) Isabel Hampton Robb
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: B. Linda Richards
Explanation: Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the US
and helped establish nursing schools.
10. Which organization is the professional organization for
registered nurses in the United States?
A) NLN
B) ANA (American Nurses Association)
C) AACN
D) NCSBN
GCU NSG 300 2026 EXAM 1: FOUNDATIONS
OF NURSING COMPLETE (160) CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES|GRADED A+.
NSG
Below is a comprehensive GCU NSG 300 Exam 1: Foundations of Nursing –
Practice Exam with 160 questions. Each question includes four answer
choices (A–D), the correct answer, and an explanation. Topics include
nursing history, nursing theories, nursing process, legal and ethical
issues, communication, documentation, infection control, safety, vital
signs, and basic nursing care.
Multiple choice.
GCU NSG 300 Exam 1: Foundations of Nursing – Practice Exam
Section 1: Nursing History and Theories (Questions 1–20)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?
A) Clara Barton
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Florence Nightingale
D) Lillian Wald
Answer: C. Florence Nightingale
Explanation: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of
, Page 2 of 58
modern nursing. She established the first nursing school and
improved sanitation during the Crimean War.
2. Florence Nightingale’s environmental theory emphasized the
importance of:
A) Medication administration
B) Clean air, pure water, sanitation, and light
C) Surgical techniques
D) Psychological support
Answer: B. Clean air, pure water, sanitation, and light
Explanation: Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing focused on
manipulating the environment to promote healing.
3. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of Human Caring
(carative factors)?
A) Jean Watson
B) Dorothea Orem
C) Patricia Benner
D) Madeleine Leininger
Answer: A. Jean Watson
Explanation: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring emphasizes the
caring relationship and caritas processes.
4. Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on:
A) The patient’s ability to perform self-care activities
B) Cultural competence
C) Human becoming
D) Unitary human beings
, Page 3 of 58
Answer: A. The patient’s ability to perform self-care activities
Explanation: Orem’s theory includes self-care, self-care deficit, and
nursing systems.
5. According to Patricia Benner, a nurse who has 2-3 years of
experience and can see the “big picture” is at which stage?
A) Novice
B) Advanced beginner
C) Competent
D) Proficient
Answer: D. Proficient
Explanation: Benner’s stages: novice, advanced beginner,
competent, proficient, expert. Proficient nurses perceive situations
as a whole.
6. Madeleine Leininger is known for:
A) Culture care theory (transcultural nursing)
B) Behavioral systems model
C) Human becoming theory
D) Science of unitary human beings
Answer: A. Culture care theory (transcultural nursing)
Explanation: Leininger emphasized culturally congruent care.
7. The “metaparadigm” of nursing includes four concepts:
A) Person, environment, health, nursing
B) Patient, family, community, care
C) Diagnosis, intervention, outcome, evaluation
D) Theory, practice, research, education
, Page 4 of 58
Answer: A. Person, environment, health, nursing
Explanation: These four concepts form the metaparadigm of
nursing.
8. Which nursing role involves protecting the patient’s rights and
speaking up for the patient?
A) Caregiver
B) Educator
C) Advocate
D) Manager
Answer: C. Advocate
Explanation: The advocate role protects patient rights and ensures
patient safety and autonomy.
9. The first nursing school in the United States was founded by:
A) Clara Barton
B) Linda Richards
C) Isabel Hampton Robb
D) Mary Seacole
Answer: B. Linda Richards
Explanation: Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the US
and helped establish nursing schools.
10. Which organization is the professional organization for
registered nurses in the United States?
A) NLN
B) ANA (American Nurses Association)
C) AACN
D) NCSBN
