Phys Lecture 26 (Exam 4) (2026) | Questions with 100% Verified Answers |
Latest Update
Question: What causes olfactory impairment? Turbinates
- bones in the _____
- lined with _____ containing ______ cells
- cause airflow to become ____ so it can reach upper nasal cavity
Answer:
- head injury, URI, tumors, toxic chemicals
- bones in the nasal cavity
- lined with olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor cells
- cause airflow to become turbulent so it can reach upper nasal cavity
Question: Cell types of olfactory epithelium (3)
Answer:
- supporting cells: lined with microvilli, filled with secretory granules
- basal cells: undifferentiated stem cells producing olfactory receptor cells
- olfactory receptor cells
Question: Olfactory receptor cells
- primary ____ neurons
- site of _____
,- axons leave epithelium, travel to ____ through ____ plate
- olfactory N receptors are ______, small, slow
Answer:
- primary afferent neurons
- site of odorant binding, detection, transduction
- axons leave epithelium, travel to olfactory bulb through cribriform plate
- olfactory N receptors are unmyelinated, small, slow
Question: Steps of olfactory transduction
1. odorant molecules bind specific ______ protein on ____ (each receptor protein encoded by diff gene,
found on diff cell)
2. receptor activates _____ --> cAMP
Answer:
1. odorant molecules bind specific olfactory receptor protein on cilia (each receptor protein encoded by
diff gene, found on diff cell)
2. receptor activates adenylyl cyclase --> cAMP
3. ATP --> cAMP opens cation channels in cell membrane --> depolarization
Question: 3. ATP --> cAMP opens _____ in cell membrane --> _______
5. action potentials propagated to _____
Answer:
5. action potentials propagated to olfactory bulb
, Question: Are olfactory receptor proteins dedicated to one odorant responsive to multiple? Selective?
Answer:
or - responsive to multiple odorants
-- but selective: respond to some more than others
-- diff receptors respond differently to same odorant
Question: Across-fiber pattern code
- each odorant produces _____ across population of receptors
- code projected onto target _____ in _____, then interpreted by CNS
Answer:
- each odorant produces unique pattern of activation across population of receptors
- code projected onto target glomeruli in olfactory bulb, then interpreted by CNS
Question: Where do receptor cell axons synapse? How are olfactory stimuli sharpened before projection
to
Answer:
- on apical dendrites of mitral cells in olfactory bulb (in glomeruli)
- olfactory bulb has granule and periglomerular cells with inhibitory neurons that synapse
Question: CNS?
- olfactory bulb has ____ and _____ cells with inhibitory neurons that synapse on _____
Latest Update
Question: What causes olfactory impairment? Turbinates
- bones in the _____
- lined with _____ containing ______ cells
- cause airflow to become ____ so it can reach upper nasal cavity
Answer:
- head injury, URI, tumors, toxic chemicals
- bones in the nasal cavity
- lined with olfactory epithelium containing olfactory receptor cells
- cause airflow to become turbulent so it can reach upper nasal cavity
Question: Cell types of olfactory epithelium (3)
Answer:
- supporting cells: lined with microvilli, filled with secretory granules
- basal cells: undifferentiated stem cells producing olfactory receptor cells
- olfactory receptor cells
Question: Olfactory receptor cells
- primary ____ neurons
- site of _____
,- axons leave epithelium, travel to ____ through ____ plate
- olfactory N receptors are ______, small, slow
Answer:
- primary afferent neurons
- site of odorant binding, detection, transduction
- axons leave epithelium, travel to olfactory bulb through cribriform plate
- olfactory N receptors are unmyelinated, small, slow
Question: Steps of olfactory transduction
1. odorant molecules bind specific ______ protein on ____ (each receptor protein encoded by diff gene,
found on diff cell)
2. receptor activates _____ --> cAMP
Answer:
1. odorant molecules bind specific olfactory receptor protein on cilia (each receptor protein encoded by
diff gene, found on diff cell)
2. receptor activates adenylyl cyclase --> cAMP
3. ATP --> cAMP opens cation channels in cell membrane --> depolarization
Question: 3. ATP --> cAMP opens _____ in cell membrane --> _______
5. action potentials propagated to _____
Answer:
5. action potentials propagated to olfactory bulb
, Question: Are olfactory receptor proteins dedicated to one odorant responsive to multiple? Selective?
Answer:
or - responsive to multiple odorants
-- but selective: respond to some more than others
-- diff receptors respond differently to same odorant
Question: Across-fiber pattern code
- each odorant produces _____ across population of receptors
- code projected onto target _____ in _____, then interpreted by CNS
Answer:
- each odorant produces unique pattern of activation across population of receptors
- code projected onto target glomeruli in olfactory bulb, then interpreted by CNS
Question: Where do receptor cell axons synapse? How are olfactory stimuli sharpened before projection
to
Answer:
- on apical dendrites of mitral cells in olfactory bulb (in glomeruli)
- olfactory bulb has granule and periglomerular cells with inhibitory neurons that synapse
Question: CNS?
- olfactory bulb has ____ and _____ cells with inhibitory neurons that synapse on _____
