NURS 8024 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

NURS 8024 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update
Question: Pharmacokinetics
Answer:
ADME of drugs What the body does to the drug

Question: Pharmacodynamics
Answer:
actions of chemicals on the organism What the drug does to the body

Question: Toxicology
Answer:
unwanted effect of chemicals on living systems

Question: Pharmacogenomics
Answer:
genetic variations causing different drug response

Question: Drug Agonist
Answer:
a drug that will bind to a receptor on a cell and trigger a response by the cell, generally mimicking the
response or action of a naturally occurring substance Ex: Albuterol (Ventolin)

Question: Drug Antagonist
Answer:
a drug that blocks another drug from combining with a receptor

Question: Prodrug
Answer:
inactive chemical- absorbed + distributed- then converted to an active form

Question: Drug Absorption
Answer:
entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration

Question: Drug Distribution
Answer:
passage of a drug from the blood to the tissues and organs of the body

,Question: Drug Metabolism
Answer:
the conversion of a drug from its active form to a nonactive form Liver, Kidneys, other tissues

Question: Drug Elimination
Answer:
removal of drug from body urine, bile, feces, lungs, sweat glands

Question: Routes of drug administration
Answer:
enteral, parenteral, topical PO, IV, IM, SubQ, inhaled, intranasal, intrathecal, topical, transdermal, rectal,
buccal, SL

Question: Drug Transport
Answer:
How the drug moves into the cell Passive Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport Endocytosis

Question: Factors of Drug Absorption
Answer:
-Acid/Base Ph
-Molecule weight/size
-Blood flow
-Solubility
-GI Absorption

Question: GI Absorption
Answer:
-Blood flow
-Ph
-Intestinal Surface Area
-Contact time
-P glycoprotein (inhibits/decreases absorption)

Question: Factors (-) affecting GI absorption
Answer:
-Shock, Sepsis
-Poor blood flow = poor absorption
-decrease SA, decrease absorption

,-decrease contact time, decrease absorption
-Pglycoprotein: blocks medication, excretes drug, decrease absorption

Question: Bioavailability (F)
Answer:
Fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation.




Question: Factors affecting Bioavailability
Answer:
-Solubility
-Instability of environment (ex, protease destroys po insulin- thus only subq insulin)
-1st pass effect

Question: First Pass Effect
Answer:
GI tract (100mg)- portal system(90mg)-liver (30mg)-systemic circulation Liver takes a large portion of
the drug, metabolizes (renders inactive) Nitroglycerin 100mg->10mg

, Question: Not affected by first pass
Answer:
IV, topical, IM, ID, subQ, SL Rectal (minimal)

Question: factors affecting Distribution
Answer:
-Blood Flow
-Capillary permeability
-Plasma protein binding
-Volume of Distribution (Vd)
-Solubility

Question: Low Drug Distribution
Answer:
-poor blood flow
- Healthy BBB (tight junctions)
- highly protein-bound (albumin)
-low volume of distribution (charge, large, polar, hydrophilic molecule)

Question: High Drug Distribution
Answer:
- good blood flow
- slit junctions or increase capillary permeability
- low protein bound (low albumin bound)
-CKD/Liver failer- low albumin thus no binding- TOXIC