NUR 334 Exam 4 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update

NUR 334 Exam 4 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest Update
Question: What is peristalsis?
Answer:
Involuntary wavelike contraction of smooth muscle lining the alimentary canal or GI tract

Question: What is the most acidic fluid in the body?
Answer:
Gastric juice

Question: What is the pH of gastric juice?
Answer:
2

Question: What is a peptic ulcer?
Answer:
Erosion or break of the mucosa in the alimentary canal, most commonly in the stomach and duodenum

Question: What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer:
Regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus

Question: What is the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer:
Usually a weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). When the LES does not close tightly, the
contents of the stomach move upward when the stomach contracts. These acidic substances irritate the
esophageal mucosa, resulting in heartburn pain.

Question: What symptoms does GERD manifest?
Answer:
Heartburn sometimes accompanied by belching

Question: What are the two most common causes of PUD?
Answer:
-H. pylori
-NSAIDs

Question: What is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?

,Answer:
Gram negative bacterium associated with a large percentage of peptic ulcer disease

Question: What are the first line non-pharmacological interventions for GERD?
Answer:
-Elevating the HOB
-Avoiding fatty or acidic foods
-Eating smaller meals at least 3 hours before sleep
-Eliminating tobacco and alcohol use

Question: What is a risk factor associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Answer:
Obesity

Question: What is a non-pharmacological cure for GERD?
Answer:
Losing weight

Question: What is a risk factor associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?
Answer:
Excessive psychologic stress

Question: What is a non-pharmacological cure for PUD?
Answer:
Reduce stress

Question: What is first line pharmacotherapy for PUD/GERD?
Answer:
-PPIs
-H2-receptor antagonists (Dependent upon the provier)

Question: Why should PPIs not be used as a long-term therapy?
Answer:
It can result in dependency

Question: What is a risk factor associated with long-term therapy of PPIs?
Answer:
Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures

,Question: What do healthcare providers recommend to patients who take PPIs?
Answer:
Calcium supplement during therapy to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures

Question: What drug class indicated for GERD and PUD is available OTC?
Answer:
H2-receptor antagonists

Question: What other drug class is used for GERD/PUD?
Answer:
Antacids

Question: What is the indication for antacids?
Answer:
Symptoms of GERD and PUD

Question: What is the pro and con for antacids?
Answer:
Quick onset and short duration of action

Question: Which antacids can cause constipation?
Answer:
-Aluminum hydroxide (Alterna Gel)
-Calcium carbonate (Tums)

Question: What condition can calcium carbonate (Tums) cause or worsen?
Answer:
Kidney stones

Question: What is an important education point for a patient taking antacids?
Answer:
Administer at least 2 hours before or after other drugs because absorption could be affected

Question: What can excessive use of antacids cause?
Answer:
Electrolyte imbalance

, Question: What is involved in the treatment regimen for a patient that
H. pylori when diagnosed with PUD?
Answer:
has Antibiotics

Question: Why should a client be tested for H. pylori before initiating treatment for infection?
Answer:
Those with peptic ulcers who are not infected with H. pylori should not receive antibiotics because it has
been shown that these patients have a worse outcome if they receive treatment

Question: What does the treatment regimen for H. pylori usually consist of?
Answer:
Two antibiotics in addition to the main medication (PPI, H2-receptor antagonist, etc)

Question: What is the MOA of sucralfate (Carafate)?
Answer:
It produces a thick, gel-like substance that coats the ulcer, protecting it against further erosion and
promoting healing

Question: What drug has no impact on gastric pH?
Answer:
Sucralfate

Question: What is the primary use of misoprostol (Cytotec)?
Answer:
Prevention of peptic ulcers in patients who are taking high doses of NSAIDs or corticosteroids

Question: What drug is classified as pregnancy category X?
Answer:
Misoprostol

Question: What is the duodenum of the small intestine?
Answer:
Site where chyme mixes with bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas

Question: What is chyme?
Answer:
Partially digested food from the stomach