BSC2005 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
State and describe the 2 steps of gene expression - Answer Transcription - making an mRNA
copy of a gene as encoded by DNA
Translation - ribosomes made of rRNA reading mRNA and using tRNA to build a polypeptide
chain
What cellular organelles are involved in energy capture and production? - Answer Chloroplast
- capture by photosynthesis
Mitochondria - production by respiration
What cellular characteristic is shared by all forms of life (plant, animal, bacteria, archaea,
Protista, fungi)? - Answer Lipid bilayer cell membrane
Ferns are among the earliest vascular plants. Do they reproduce with seeds or spores? - Answer
Ferns are the only vascular plants that reproduce with spores
Who formulated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? - Answer Charles Darwin
What complex carbohydrate forms the hard exoskeleton of arthropods (crabs, spiders and
insects), as well as the cell walls of certain fungi like mushrooms? - Answer Chitin
What is the smallest part of an element that still display all properties of that element? - Answer
An atom
These unique properties of phospholipids make them ideal for forming plasma membranes. -
Answer Polar (hydrophilic) heads and nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails
What eukaryotic organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? - Answer Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)
What group of multicellular animals are grouped as Parazoa, i.e., the only animals without
organized tissues? - Answer Sponges (Porifera)
Substances with a pH below 7 are called what? - Answer Acids
, Are antibiotics effective against diseases other than bacteria? - Answer No, especially not
viruses like SARS-COV-2 and flu
What is one evolutionary advantage of woody plants over herbaceous plants? - Answer
Woody plants can grow taller to reach more sunlight
Give examples of autosomal recessive disorders as mentioned in lecture. - Answer Sickle Cell
Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Tay-Sachs Disorder
State the difference between macroevolution and microevolution. - Answer Microevolution -
how populations evolve in response to environmental pressure
Macroevolution - speciation (new species formation)
Aside from the number of flower petals, what is an easily visible way to distinguish monocots
form dicots (eudicots) - Answer Leaf veins - parallel in monocots, branched in dicots
Where is the apical meristem found? - Answer At the tips of both roots and shoots in plants
What are the names of complex carbohydrates used for glucose storage by animals and plants?
- Answer Glycogen in animals, starch in plants
What 2 subatomic particles must exist in equal numbers in an atom for that atom to be
electrically neutral? - Answer Protons and electrons
What 2 characteristics must an organism have in order to be classed in the Animal Kingdom? -
Answer Multicellular and heterotrophic
What steps in order does the vertebrate digestive system use to process food? - Answer
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
Which nucleotides pair up in the DNA molecule? - Answer A always pair with T, G always pairs
with C
What evolutionary process does reproductive isolation help bring about? - Answer Speciation
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
State and describe the 2 steps of gene expression - Answer Transcription - making an mRNA
copy of a gene as encoded by DNA
Translation - ribosomes made of rRNA reading mRNA and using tRNA to build a polypeptide
chain
What cellular organelles are involved in energy capture and production? - Answer Chloroplast
- capture by photosynthesis
Mitochondria - production by respiration
What cellular characteristic is shared by all forms of life (plant, animal, bacteria, archaea,
Protista, fungi)? - Answer Lipid bilayer cell membrane
Ferns are among the earliest vascular plants. Do they reproduce with seeds or spores? - Answer
Ferns are the only vascular plants that reproduce with spores
Who formulated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? - Answer Charles Darwin
What complex carbohydrate forms the hard exoskeleton of arthropods (crabs, spiders and
insects), as well as the cell walls of certain fungi like mushrooms? - Answer Chitin
What is the smallest part of an element that still display all properties of that element? - Answer
An atom
These unique properties of phospholipids make them ideal for forming plasma membranes. -
Answer Polar (hydrophilic) heads and nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails
What eukaryotic organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? - Answer Rough endoplasmic
reticulum (RER)
What group of multicellular animals are grouped as Parazoa, i.e., the only animals without
organized tissues? - Answer Sponges (Porifera)
Substances with a pH below 7 are called what? - Answer Acids
, Are antibiotics effective against diseases other than bacteria? - Answer No, especially not
viruses like SARS-COV-2 and flu
What is one evolutionary advantage of woody plants over herbaceous plants? - Answer
Woody plants can grow taller to reach more sunlight
Give examples of autosomal recessive disorders as mentioned in lecture. - Answer Sickle Cell
Anemia
Cystic Fibrosis
Tay-Sachs Disorder
State the difference between macroevolution and microevolution. - Answer Microevolution -
how populations evolve in response to environmental pressure
Macroevolution - speciation (new species formation)
Aside from the number of flower petals, what is an easily visible way to distinguish monocots
form dicots (eudicots) - Answer Leaf veins - parallel in monocots, branched in dicots
Where is the apical meristem found? - Answer At the tips of both roots and shoots in plants
What are the names of complex carbohydrates used for glucose storage by animals and plants?
- Answer Glycogen in animals, starch in plants
What 2 subatomic particles must exist in equal numbers in an atom for that atom to be
electrically neutral? - Answer Protons and electrons
What 2 characteristics must an organism have in order to be classed in the Animal Kingdom? -
Answer Multicellular and heterotrophic
What steps in order does the vertebrate digestive system use to process food? - Answer
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
Which nucleotides pair up in the DNA molecule? - Answer A always pair with T, G always pairs
with C
What evolutionary process does reproductive isolation help bring about? - Answer Speciation
